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dental pharm
vitamins & minerals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Vit. A | Retinol (retinoids, carotenoids) |
| Function of vit.A | essential, bone/tooth dev.; skin/mucous membrane integrity |
| Vit A: disease | dry skin and eyes, night blindness (rods/cones) Toxic-itching, desquamation, skin/hair lesions, hyperstosis, teratogenic |
| Vit A sources | animal food sources, green leafy, bright colored F&V (provitamin converted in liver) |
| other uses/associations w/ vit A | Tretinoin (Retin-A)-topical for acne/aging; Isotretinonin (Accutane)-oral for cystic acne, many side effects; Etretinate (tegison)-systemic for psoriasis |
| Etretinate | (Tegison)-systemic for psoriasis ...Vit A |
| Tretinoin | (Retin-A)-topical for acne/aging...vit A |
| Isotretinonin | Accutane)-oral for cystic acne, many side effects..vit A |
| Vit D | Calciferol-aids in absorption of Ca and P, works with PTH |
| D2 | ergocholicalciferol |
| D3 | cholecalciferol (calirol) |
| Vit D disease: | rickets, osteomalacia/porosis, toxic |
| Vit D sources: | UV, fortified milk, fish oils |
| Vit D other uses: | for osteoporosis: alendronate (Fosamax), etidronate (Didronel), biphosphonates (IV, ONJ) |
| alendronate | Fosamax-osteoporosis (vit D) |
| etidronate | Didronel-osteroporosis (vit D) |
| biphosphonates | IV, ONJ-osteoporosis (vit D) |
| Vit E | Tocopherol-antioxidant:prevent free radicals and cancer |
| Vit E: disease | low toxic |
| Vit E: sources | whole grains, wheat germ, plant oils, margarines, legumes, seeds, nuts, greens |
| Vit K | Quinone-essential, synthesis of prothrombin (II, VII, IX, X), bone proteins |
| Vit K:disease | hemorrhage, hypoprothrominemia-brushing, epistaxis, hematuria, toxic |
| Vit K: sources | dk green leafy veggies, liver; made by intestinal flora |
| Vit K synthesis | in the colon |
| coumadin | Warfarin (Vit K)-competes, leads to decrease in clotting |
| Vit B1- | Thiamine- essential, coenzyme in carb and metabolism |
| Vit B1: disease | Beriberi: weight loss, fatique, edema, depression, neuritis, muscle weakness and paralysis |
| Vit B1 sources: | whole grains, cereals, pork, meats, poultry, nuts, seeds, legumes |
| Vit B1: other info | Alcoholics-B complex deficiency:glossitis, burning tongue, angular cheilosis, stomatitis (alcoholic, anorexic, fatty diet) |
| Vit B2 | Riboflavin-coenzyme in energy metabolism of fat, carb, protein |
| Vit B2: disease | Angular cheilosis, growth failure |
| Vit B2: sources | milk, cheese, whole grain, cereals, rice, mushrooms, liver |
| Vit B3 | Niacin-(same redox rxns) |
| Vit B3: disease | Pellagra: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death, supplement toxic |
| Vit. B3: sources | whole grains and cereals, rice, meat, poultry, fish, green leafy veggies |
| Vit B3: other info | alcoholics; nicotinic acide added to flour |
| Vit B12 | Cobalamin, cyanocobalamin- maturation of RBC, ribonucleoside to deoxyribonucleoside |
| Vit B12:disease | pernicious anemia and megoblastic anemia, secondary to lack of IF and vegan diet |
| Vit B12:sources | all animal foods, fortified cereals |
| Vit B6 | Pyridoxine-coenzyme in aa and lipid metabolism, hemoglobin synthesis |
| Vit B6: disease | Dermatitis, depression, convulsions |
| Vit B6 sources | wide, except fat and sugar |
| Folate | Folic acid-maturation of RBC, DNA synthesis |
| Folate disease: | spina bifida, megoblastic anemia |
| Folate sources | green leafy veggies, fruits, legumes, fortified grain |
| Folate: other info | seen in pregnancy, GI problems, alcoholism |
| pantothenic acid | used to form Acetyl-CoA and gluconeogenesis |
| Biotin | plays a role in energy production |
| B15 | Pangamic acid-not critical, not vitamins |
| B17 | Laetrile |
| Vit C | Ascorbic acid- antioxidant: redox rxns, collagen synthesis, wound healing, aids in absorption of iron |
| Vit C: disease | scurvy, poor wound healing, poor bone formation, loose/loss of teeth, petichial hemorrhages; toxic:rebound scurvy, stones in urinary tract |
| Vit C sources | citrus fruits, broccoli, strawberries, peppers, tomatoes, cantalpoupe |
| Vit C: other info | hexose, related to glucose |
Created by:
kendall7
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