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EMR LCA Review
Electricity Magnetism Radioactivity LCA Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| CHARGING THROUGH CONDUCTION | occurs when electrons move from an object to another by direct contact |
| CHARGING THROUGH INDUCTION | occurs when an uncharged metal object are rearranged without direct contact with a charged object |
| CHARGING THROUGH FRICTION | occurs when electrons are “wiped” from one object to another |
| SERIES CIRCUIT | single loop circuit in which all loads share the same current |
| PARALLEL CIRCUIT | a circuit in which the parts are joined in branches so that the potential difference across each part is the same (don't share the same current, but DO share the same voltage) |
| OHM'S LAW | The ratio of voltage to current is a constant for each material. The ratio is the resistance. If resistance increases, voltage decreases |
| CALCULATING POWER: A toaster draws approximately 10A of current. A home receives 120v at each electrical outlet. What is the power of the toaster? | 1200 watts |
| CALCULATING RESISTANCE: A circuit has a 36v battery and 9A of current. What's the resistance? | 4 ohms |
| CALCULATING CURRENT: An object has a resistance of 20 Ω is attached to a circuit with a 10v battery. Calculate the current in the closed circuit. | .5 amperes |
| CALCULATING VOLTAGE: What is the voltage if the current is 2A and the resistance is 12 Ω? | 24v |
| CIRCUIT BREAKER | switch that automatically opens if he current is too high; a strip of metal warms up, bends, and opens the switch |
| FUSE | thin strip of metal that melts if the current is too high; the circuit is broken and the charges stop flowing |
| OPEN CIRCUIT | a gap between conducting material and electric charges do not flow |
| CLOSED CIRCUIT | 2 pieces of conducting material connect and electric charges flow |
| SHORT CIRCUIT | charges do not go to one or more loads; can be caused by broken wires, water, overload |
| ELECTRIC FORCE | the force of attraction or repulsion on a charged particle due to an electric field Greater the charge, greater the force; closer the charges, greater the force |
| ELECTRIC FIELD | the space around a charged object in which another charged object experiences an electric field |
| MAGNET | any material that attracts iron or things made of iron |
| ELECTROMAGNET | a solenoid wrapped around an iron core The magnetic field is the field of the solenoid PLUS the field of the magnetized core; increase strength by increasing loops Has a field ONLY when electric current is running through it |
| MAGNETIC FIELD | the region around a magnet in which magnetic forces can act; lines are closest at poles and therefore, strongest at poles; expressed as a vector with both magnitude AND direction |
| MAGNETIC FORCE | the force of attraction or repulsion generated by moving or spinning electrical charges on each other |
| ELECTRIC GENERATOR | uses electromagnetic induction to change mechanical energy into electrical energy |
| ELECTRIC MOTOR | a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy |
| ALPHA PARTICLE | Alpha particle (α) is made up of 2 protons and 2 neutrons It has a mass number of 4 and a charge of 2+ Same as the nucleus of a helium atom |
| BETA PARTICLE | Beta particle (β ) is an electron (-1) Mass number = 0 because have a mass of almost zero Nucleus becomes a nucleus of a different element and both mass number and charge are conserved A neutron breaks into a proton and an electron |
| GAMMA RADIATION | Very high energy light Released during alpha and beta decay No mass, no charge |
| HALF-LIFE | The amount of time it takes for one-half of the nuclei of a radioactive isotope to decay |
| CALCULATE THE AGE OF A SAMPLE AFTER 5 HALF-LIVES IF 1 HALF-LIFE TAKES 6,000 YEARS. | THE SAMPLE IS 30,000 YEARS OLD |
| FISSION | the process by which a large nucleus splits into 2 small nuclei, releases energy, and becomes more stable |
| FUSION | 2 or more nuclei that have small masses combine (fuse) to form a larger nucleus |
| APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR ENERGY | Cost less to run than fossil fuel plants Do not release harmful atmospheric gases Helps fossil fuel supplies last longer |
| APPLICATION OF RADIOACTIVITY | Tracers- radioactive elements whose paths can be followed- used in medical diagnosis Treat and prevent illness Detect defects in structures Space probes |
| DANGERS OF RADIOACTIVITY | Radiation sickness- exposure to radiation- can cause fatigue, loss of appetite, hair loss, destruction of blood cells and death Burns Weaken metal Nuclear waste Nuclear accidents |
| ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION | the process of creating a current in a circuit by changing a magnetic field |
| PROS OF FISSION | Cost less to run than fossil fuel plants Do not release harmful atmospheric gases Helps fossil fuel supplies last longer |
| PROS OF FUSION | less accident prone, products not radioactive, more isotopes, more energy released |
| CONS OF FUSION | energy for your home cannot be generated (yet) using nuclear fusion because high temps needed and it takes more energy to make and hold plasma than is generated by fusion |
| CONS OF FISSION | High initial cost Nuclear accidents can put large amounts of radioactive waste into the atmosphere Nuclear waste lasts thousands of years, must be stored securely while it breaks down Supply of uranium is limited |
| WHAT DETERMINES STABILITY IN AN ATOM? | NEUTRON:PROTON RATIO |
Created by:
suzannewilliams
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