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The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are: _____
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the effects of the _____ system are slow to appear, yet long-lasting
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A&P2 Ch 25
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are: _____ | hormones |
| the effects of the _____ system are slow to appear, yet long-lasting | endocrine |
| pineal, placenta, and parathyroid are all _____ glands | endocrine |
| what three functions does the neuroendocrine system preform? | communication, control, and integration |
| nonsteriod hormones include: | proteins, peptides, and glycoproteins |
| anabolic hormones: | stimulate anabolism in their target cells |
| the second messenger often involved in nonsteorid hormone action is: | cAMP |
| The control of hormone secretion is: | usually part of a negative feedback loop and rarely part of a positive feedback loop |
| when a small amount of hormone allows a second hormone to have its full effect on a target cell, the phenomenon is called: | permissiveness |
| the _____ system functions at a much greater speed than the endocrine system | nervous system |
| the most widely used method of hormone classification is by _____ _____ | chemical structure |
| steroid are a _____-____, making it easy for them to pass through the phospholipid plasma membrane of target cells | lipid-soluble |
| if too little hormone is produced, the condition is called ____ | hyposecretion |
| input from the nervous system influences secretion of _____ | hormones |
| binds to specific plasma membrane receptor | nonsteroid hormone |
| response time is usually 1 hour to several days | steroid hormone |
| receptor is mobile in the cytoplasm or nucleus | steroid hormone |
| regulates gene activity | steroid hormone |
| stored in secretory vesicles | nonsteroid hormone |
| one or more amino acids | nonsteroid hormone |
| response time is usually several seconds to a few minutes | nonsteroid hormone |
| eicosanoids are referred to as _____ hormones | tissue |
| eicosanoids tends to integrate activities of _____ cells | neighboring |
| the first prostaglandin was discovered in ____ | semen |
| _____ have been used to induce labor and accelerate delivery of a baby | PGF's |
| _____ hormones are hormones that regulate activity in nearby cells within the same tissue as their source | paracrine |
| _____ hormones regulate activity in the secreting cell itself | autocrine |
| the ___ ____ of the male reproductive system secretes prostaglandin in the semen | seminal vesicles |
| leukotrienes are regulators of ____ | immunity |
| PGFs are required for normal _____ to occur in the digestive tract | peristalsis |
| responses that result from the operation of feedback loops within the endocrine system are called ____ _____ | endocrine reflexes |
| unused hormones circulating in the blood are excreted by the ____ | kidneys |
| in _____, one hormone produces the opposite effect of another hormone | antagonism |
| in second messenger systems, the hormone-receptor complexes may be taken into the cell by means of _____ | endocytosis |
| the _____ of steroid hormone present determines the magnitude of a target cells response | amount |
| endocrine target cells must have the appropriate receptor to be influenced by the signaling chemical- a process called ____ | signal transduction |
| many nonsteroid hormones see to use cAMP as the _____ messenger | second |
| some hormones produce their effects by triggering the opening of _____ channels | calcium |
| the _____ regulates the thyroid by producing thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | pituitary |
| blood regulator important in the blood clotting | thromboxane |
| immunity regulator | leukotrienes |
| local hormone | tissue hormone |
| lipid molecules | eicosanoids |
| inhibits PGE synthesis | ibuprofen |
| if norepinephrine diffuses into the blood and then binds to an adrenergic receptor in a distant target cell, it is known as _____ | hormone |
| all steroid hormones are derived from which common molecule? | cholesterol |
| combinations of hormones will have a greater effect on a target cell than the sum of the effects that each would have if acting alone. this phenomenon is called: | synergism |
| the target cell concept is an example of the _____ model of chemical reactions | lock-and-key |
| combined hormone actions: | Synergism, Permissiveness, Antagonism |
| What are the 5 hormones | Tropic hormones, Sex hormones, Anabolic hormones, Steroid hormones, Nonsteroid hormones |
| Up-regulation: | Increased number of hormone receptors increases sensitivity |
| Down-regulation: | Decreased number of hormone receptors decreases sensitivity |
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