A&P2 Ch 25
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are: _____ | hormones
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| the effects of the _____ system are slow to appear, yet long-lasting | endocrine
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| pineal, placenta, and parathyroid are all _____ glands | endocrine
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| what three functions does the neuroendocrine system preform? | communication, control, and integration
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| nonsteriod hormones include: | proteins, peptides, and glycoproteins
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| anabolic hormones: | stimulate anabolism in their target cells
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| the second messenger often involved in nonsteorid hormone action is: | cAMP
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| The control of hormone secretion is: | usually part of a negative feedback loop and rarely part of a positive feedback loop
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| when a small amount of hormone allows a second hormone to have its full effect on a target cell, the phenomenon is called: | permissiveness
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| the _____ system functions at a much greater speed than the endocrine system | nervous system
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| the most widely used method of hormone classification is by _____ _____ | chemical structure
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| steroid are a _____-____, making it easy for them to pass through the phospholipid plasma membrane of target cells | lipid-soluble
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| if too little hormone is produced, the condition is called ____ | hyposecretion
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| input from the nervous system influences secretion of _____ | hormones
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| binds to specific plasma membrane receptor | nonsteroid hormone
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| response time is usually 1 hour to several days | steroid hormone
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| receptor is mobile in the cytoplasm or nucleus | steroid hormone
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| regulates gene activity | steroid hormone
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| stored in secretory vesicles | nonsteroid hormone
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| one or more amino acids | nonsteroid hormone
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| response time is usually several seconds to a few minutes | nonsteroid hormone
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| eicosanoids are referred to as _____ hormones | tissue
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| eicosanoids tends to integrate activities of _____ cells | neighboring
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| the first prostaglandin was discovered in ____ | semen
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| _____ have been used to induce labor and accelerate delivery of a baby | PGF's
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| _____ hormones are hormones that regulate activity in nearby cells within the same tissue as their source | paracrine
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| _____ hormones regulate activity in the secreting cell itself | autocrine
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| the ___ ____ of the male reproductive system secretes prostaglandin in the semen | seminal vesicles
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| leukotrienes are regulators of ____ | immunity
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| PGFs are required for normal _____ to occur in the digestive tract | peristalsis
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| responses that result from the operation of feedback loops within the endocrine system are called ____ _____ | endocrine reflexes
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| unused hormones circulating in the blood are excreted by the ____ | kidneys
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| in _____, one hormone produces the opposite effect of another hormone | antagonism
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| in second messenger systems, the hormone-receptor complexes may be taken into the cell by means of _____ | endocytosis
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| the _____ of steroid hormone present determines the magnitude of a target cells response | amount
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| endocrine target cells must have the appropriate receptor to be influenced by the signaling chemical- a process called ____ | signal transduction
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| many nonsteroid hormones see to use cAMP as the _____ messenger | second
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| some hormones produce their effects by triggering the opening of _____ channels | calcium
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| the _____ regulates the thyroid by producing thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | pituitary
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| blood regulator important in the blood clotting | thromboxane
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| immunity regulator | leukotrienes
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| local hormone | tissue hormone
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| lipid molecules | eicosanoids
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| inhibits PGE synthesis | ibuprofen
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| if norepinephrine diffuses into the blood and then binds to an adrenergic receptor in a distant target cell, it is known as _____ | hormone
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| all steroid hormones are derived from which common molecule? | cholesterol
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| combinations of hormones will have a greater effect on a target cell than the sum of the effects that each would have if acting alone. this phenomenon is called: | synergism
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| the target cell concept is an example of the _____ model of chemical reactions | lock-and-key
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| combined hormone actions: | Synergism, Permissiveness, Antagonism
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| What are the 5 hormones | Tropic hormones, Sex hormones, Anabolic hormones, Steroid hormones, Nonsteroid hormones
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| Up-regulation: | Increased number of hormone receptors increases sensitivity
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| Down-regulation: | Decreased number of hormone receptors decreases sensitivity
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