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Influences
Lakeytra Jackson Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| hippocrates is | considered to be the "father of medicine" |
| Hippocrates belied in the concept of homeostasis, which is | the attainment and retainment of equilibrium in the body through appropriate drugs and diet |
| Hippocrates theorized that | disease resulted from a disturbance of a body fluid (e.g.,blood,phlegm,and yellow and black bile. |
| Phlegm is | viscous mucous secreted orally. |
| Bile is | fluid secreted by the liver. |
| More than 200 herbal remedies and a dozen minerals are recommended in the | Hippocratic writings |
| In the hippocratic writings, the word for drug- pharmakon was defined as | a purifying remedy;later it was described as a healing remedy |
| allopathy is | a method of treating a disease by administering an agent that has the opposite characteristics of the disease (e.g., antipyretics to reduce fever) |
| Homeopathy is | treats health problems with very dilute substances that cause the same effect as the symptom |
| Theophrastus was a | "father of botany" |
| Pedanios Dioscorides is the | "father of pharmacology" |
| The information in Dioscorides's herbal, known in Latin as | De Materia Medica, and it contained information on more than 600 plants and 90 minerals |
| Fabiola was a | wealthy Roman woman, who donated herpalace for the care of the sick and injured and personally cared for their needs |
| Fabiola was called a | `"Hospital Benifactor" |
| In early Rome the care of the sick became a civil responsibility, and | prostitutes and prisoners are assigned health care tasks. |
| Claudius Galen was a | Greek-born physician, practiced and taught both pharmacy and medicine in Rome. His principals derived from Hippocrates' theory. He organized the pharmacotherapy of humoral pathology into scientific system. |
| Pharmacotherapy is | the treatment of disease with medications |
| Galen complied and added to drug information available in Rome in the most famous writings, called | "On the Art of Healing" |
| Moses Maimonides was a | Hebrew physician, pharmacist, and rabbi. Author of the book,"Book of Counsels, and a handbook on poisons. |
| The prayer of Maimonides for many years continued the pledge of service made by | pharmacists as they completed school and began professional practice |
| Myrrh is a | remedy used throughout history as an appetite stimulant for loss of appetite |
| Cosmas and Damian have been honored as the | "patron saints of medicine and pharmacy" |
| Clay tablets of Mesopotamia are present in | Iraq and the Persian Gulf region, and their are more than 800 tablets that contains materia medica information. |
| The Chinese document Pen T'sao, freely translated as | "the botanical basis of pharmacy", describes more than 1,000 plants and 11,000 prescriptions handed down by oral tradition from Shen Nung. |
| Shen Nung is considered to be the | "father of Chinese pharmaceutics" |
| Lao-Tsu, a Taoist philosopher,composed an herbal compendium called | "Tao te Ching" meaning The Way. |
| Yin drugs mean | cold and wet |
| Yang drugs mean | warm and dry |
| "Red" drugs mean | treats heart conditions |
| "Yellow" drugs mean | treats liver conditions |
| Mithradates is called | "the father of toxiciology" |
| Antidotes are | remedies for counteracting a posion |
| Louisa May Alcott served as a volunteer and observed the wanton conditions of poor sanitation, the depressing environment, and patient and staff misery at the Union Hospital in Gerogetown,Virginia.She descirbes these details in her book called | "Hospital Sketches"; this book inspired President Abraham Lincoln to establish the U.S. Sanitary Commission |
| For the first time in the hostpry of Western Europe, pharmacy was declared as independent profession separate from medicine through the | official edict of 1231. Emperor Frederick II of Germany was the author of this edict, known as the Magna Carta of Pharmacy. |
| The Magna Carta of Pharmacy separated the | physicians from the pharmacist |
| Frederick Serturner | he prepared salts from morphine |
| Johannes Buchner | discovered salicin in willow bark and nicotine in tobacco |
| Paul Ehrlich | discovered arsphenamine, also known as the magic bullet, against syphilis. |
| Gerhard Domagk | discovered a sulfa drug,protonsil, to be effective against hemolytic streptococci. |
| Karl Scheele | discovered arsenic,glycerin, and chlorine, |
| William Withering | directed his attention to digitalis as an active alkaloid in the foxglove plant. Digoxin, a form of digitalis, is widely used today as a cardiotonic drug |
| Penicillin | was the foirst antibiotic to be used in therapy |
| Selman Waksman | discovered Streptomycin, which was the first antibiotic to be effective against tuberclebacillus, the infective agent in tuberculosis |
| Quinine is used to treat | malaria |
| Digitalis is used to treat | heart problems |
| codeine is used for | pain control |
| Insulin was discovered by | Frederick Banting and Charles Best |
| Polio vaccines were developed by | Jonas Salk(injectable) and Albert Sabin(oral) |
| Penicillin was discovered by | Alexander Fleming and Howard Florey |
| Robert Koch | discovered the germ theory. |
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