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Intro to Psych Ch.10

TermDefinition
Intelligence Mental quality that consists of the abilities to learn from experience, adapt to new situations, understand and handle abstract concepts, and use knowledge to manipulate one's environment
G-factor theory Spearman's theory that intelligence is a single general (g) factor made up of specific components
Multiple-factor theory of intelligence Idea that intelligence consists of distinct dimensions and is not just a single factor
Triarchic theory of intelligence Sternberg's three part model of intelligence, including analytic, creative, and practical intelligence
Mental age the equivalent chronological age a child has reached based on his or her performance on an IQ test
Reliability Consistency of a measurement, such as an intelligence test.
Validity The degree to which a test accurately measures what it purports to measure, such as intelligence, and not something else, and the degree to which it predicts real world outcomes.
Test bias Characteristic of a test that produces different outcomes for different groups.
Mental retardation Significant limitations in intellectual functioning as well as in everyday adaptive behavior, which start before age 18.
Adaptive behavior Adjustment to and coping with everyday life.
Down syndrome A chromosomal disorder characterized by mild to profound mental retardation.
Prodigy A young person who is extremely gifted and precocious in one area and at least average in intelligence.
Savant syndrome A very rare condition in which people with serious mental handicaps also show isolated areas of ability or brilliance.
Mental set A tendency to continue to use problem solving strategies that have worked in the past, even if better solutions are available.
Thinking outside the box Approach to problem solving that requires breaking free of self-imposed conceptual constraints and thinking about a problem differently in order to solve it.
Functional fixedness Mind set in which one is blind to usual uses of common everyday things or procedures EX: 2 string problem
Genius High intelligence combined with creative accomplishments that have a tremendous impact
Creativity Thinking and or behavior that is both novel- original and useful- adaptive - Requires someone at sometime sees real value and usefulness in the creative accomplishment
Originality the quality or state of being original. ability to think or express oneself in an independent and individual manner
Intelligence as One General Ability Spearman, Cattle - horn- Carroll, Sternberg
Intelligence as Multiple Abilities Thurstone and Gardener
Alfred Binet Created the first IQ test, early 1900's 3 questions increasing in difficulty Determined their mental age
Modern Measures of Intelligence Kaufman- assessment battery for children (K- ABC) Guided by theories of intelligence Included different kinds of problems ranging in difficulty Measured different aspects of intelligence Assessed different types of learning styles
Are IQ Tests Biased? No but they can be unfair
Causes of Mental Retardation Chromosomal (genetic abnormalities such as Down syndrome and Fragile X syndrome), prenatal abnormalities (Fetal alcohol syndrome), and environmental deprivation
Giftedness An intellectual ability significantly higher than average
The Nature and Nurture of Human Intelligence More nature than nurture 50% nature 40% nurture 10% unknown
Gender and Intelligence There is not a huge difference between the intelligence of genders
Types of Problems Convergent thinking problem Divergent thinking problem
Algorithms Step- by- step procedure or formula for solving a problem
Fixation Inability to breakout of a particular mind sent in order to think about a problem from fresh perspective
Stages of Creative Problem Solving Preparation, Incubation, Insight, Elaboration-- Verification
Genius, Intelligence, and Creativity Having an IQ of 130- 140 puts you in the top 1% -- does not mean you will produce creative works of lasting influence
Creativity and the Brain Creative insight increases frontal lobe creativity -- insights occur in the right hemisphere rather than the left
Convergent thinking problem Problems that have known solutions and require analytic thinking and the use of learning strategies and knowledge to come up with the correct answer EX: College entrance exams
Divergent thinking problem Problems that have no known solutions and require novel solutions EX: Snoring roommate
Eureka insight or insight solution Sudden solutions that come to the mind in a flash
De Mestral (velcro) Thinking outside the box
Thinking outside the box approach to problem solving that requires breaking free of self- imposed conceptual constraints and thinking about a problem differently in order to solve it EX: 9 dot problem
Preparation Discovering and defining the problem and then attempting to solve it
Incubation Putting the problem aside for awhile and working on something else
Insight Eureka Insight
Elaboration-- Verification The solution needs to be confirmed
Frontal lobe Abstract reasoning planning focused working memory integrating sensory input
IQ equation Mental age / Chronicle age x 100
Nature Intelligence you're born with
Nurture Intelligence you learn
Ethnicity and intelligence There are different groups, intelligence is culturally different between groups
Fluid intelligence Raw mental ability, pattern recognition, abstract reasoning that can be applied to a problem one has never confronted before
Crystallized intelligence the kind of knowledge that one gains from experience and learning, education, and practice
Test Fairness Judgment about how test results are applied to different groups based on values and philosophical inclinations.
70- 150 Average IQ test
150 - higher Above average
below - 70 Mental retardation
Binet first IQ test
Created by: kristaj
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