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gen psych exam4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| social psych | branch of psych that studies how a person's THOUGHTS, FEELINGS, and BEHAVIOR are influenced by the presence of other people and by the social/physical environment |
| sense of self | sense of who you are in relation to other people as influenced by SOICAL, CULTURAL, and PSYCHOLOGICAL experiences |
| social cognition | mental processes people use to make sense of their social environments |
| social influence | effect of situational factors and other people on an individual's behavior |
| person perception | mental processes we use to form judgments and draw conclusions about the characteristics and motives of other people |
| social categorization | mental processes of categorizing people into groups/social categories on the basis of their shared characteristics |
| processes of social categorization | explicit cognition: deliberate judging implicit cognition: automatic judging |
| schema | outline or model / mental framework |
| "what is beautiful is good" | the stereotype that prettier people are better |
| attribution | mental process of inferring the causes of people's behavior / explanation made for certain behavior |
| fundamental attribution error | tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal/personal characteristics while ignoring environmental/situational factors -- BAD DRIVERS |
| conformity | adjusting opinions, judgments, or behaviors so that they match those of a social group |
| obedience | performance of a behavior in response to direct command |
| Asch's Experiment | different-length-lines test with planted "confederates" -- most participants went along with wrong answers |
| Milgram's Experiment | "teacher" administering shocks to planted "learner" upon incorrect answers -- most "teachers" continued with shocks when told to, even through guilt |
| influences of conformity | desire to fit in |
| influences of obedience | authority |
| Zimbardo's Experiment | stanford prison experiment lasted only 6 days out of planned 14 because "guards" took the fake authority too seriously |
| prosocial behavior | any behavior that helps another person, no matter the underlying motive |
| altruism | helping another person with no expectation of personal reward |
| Kitty Genovese Case | woman stabbed to death in NYC outside of her apartment building while neighbors watched from inside thinking "someone else will help" |
| bystander effect | the more people are there to witness something, the less likely the victim is to be helped |
| increases likelihood of bystanders helping | good moods / preexisting feeling of guilt / seeing others willing to help / knowing how to help / relationship |
| decreases likelihood of bystanders helping | diffusion of responsibility / big cities / vague situations / costs outweighs benefits |
| influences of group on individual | social loafing (not helping in a group), social striving (working harder in a group), social facilitation (enhanced dominant natural response - good singing), de-individuation (doing wrong things when surrounded by people - KKK) |
| psychopathology | scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of psychological disorders |
| psychological disorder | a pattern of behavioral and psychological symptoms that causes significant personal DISTRESS, DEVIANT behavior, and DYSFUNCTION |
| DSM-5 | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders -- describes the specific symptoms and diagnostic guidelines for psychological disorders |
| Rosenhan's Study | sent sane people into an insane asylum to see how long it would take for them to be released |
| medical model | mental illness have an actual physical cause, not demons |
| biopsychosocial model | biological influences + psychological influences + social/cultural influences = psychological disorder |
| anxiety disorder | extreme anxiety is the main diagnostic feature and causes significant disruptions in the person's cognitive, behavioral, or interpersonal functioning |
| pathological anxiety is | IRRATIONAL, UNCONTROLLABLE, DISRUPTIVE |
| PTSD | frequent recollection of trauma, avoidance of triggering stimuli, increased anxiety, negative alterations in cognition and mood |
| OCD | OBSESSIONS - repetitive thoughts // COMPULSIONS - overt actions and covert in-head actions |
| depressive disorders | mood disorder characterized by extreme and persistent DESPONDENCY, WORTHLESSNESS, and HOPELESSNESS / emotional, behavioral, cognitive, physical symptoms |
| antidepressant medication | prescription drugs that are used to reduce symptoms associated with major depressive disorder // selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) -- prozac, zoloft, paxil and dual re-uptake inhibitors -- effexor, cymbalta |
| electroconvulsive therapy | biomedical therapy used primarily in the treatment of major depressive disorder that involves electrically inducing a brief brain seizure |
| bipolar disorder | mood disorder involving periods of incapacitating depression alternating with periods of extreme euphoria and excitement |
| treatment for bipolar disorder | antidepressants and mood stabilizers (lithium) |
| schizophrenia | ability to function is impaired by severely distorted beliefs, perceptions, and thought processes // "different reality" |
| positive symptoms of schizophrenia | EXCESS: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thoughts/speech/behavior |
| negative symptoms of schizonphrenia | REDUCTION: flat affect, alogia, avolition, catatonia |
| treatment of schizophrenia | antipsychotic medications/neuroleptics (chlorpromazine - thorazine) |
Created by:
hannahfrancesford
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