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Weather
weather test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is precipitation? | Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth’s surface. |
| What type of precipitation is almost always found in warm climates? | rain |
| What are the common types of precipitation? | Rain, sleet, freezing rain, snow, hail |
| Drops of water are called rain if they at least 0.5mm in diameter | rain |
| Drops of water that are less than 0.5mm | Drizzle |
| An open-ended tube that collects rain. | Rain gauge |
| Rain drops that fall as liquid water but freeze when they touch a cold surface. | Freezing rain |
| forms when water vapor in a cloud is converted directly into ice crystals. | snow |
| A round pellet of ice larger than 5mm in diameter. Only form inside cumulonimbus clouds. | Hail |
| Ice particles smaller than 5mm in diameter. | sleet |
| An overflowing of water in a normally dry area. | flood |
| A long period of scarce rainfall or dry weather. | drought |
| A huge body of air in the lower atmosphere that has similar temperature, humidity, and air pressure at any given height. | air mass |
| How do scientists classify air masses? | According to temperature and humidity |
| what are the four types of air masses? | Maritime tropical, continental tropical, maritime polar, continental polar |
| Warm air masses form in the tropics and have a low air pressure. | Tropical |
| Cold air masses form north of 50 degrees north latitude and south of 50 degrees south latitude. They have high air pressure. | Polar |
| Form over oceans. Water evaporates from the oceans so the air becomes very humid. | Maritime |
| Air masses that form over land. They have less exposure to large amounts of moisture from bodies of water. They are drier than maritime air masses. | Continental |
| Cool, humid air masses that form over the icy cold North Atlantic ocean | Maritime polar |
| Large air masses that form over Canada and Alaska and can bring bitterly cold weather with low humidity | Continental polar |
| Hot, dry air masses that form mostly in summer over dry areas of the Southwest and northern Mexico. Hot, dry weather | Continental tropical |
| Warm, humid air masses that form over the Pacific ocean in the summer. Bring summer showers and thunderstorms and heavy rain or snow in the winter. | Maritime tropical |
| How do air masses move? | In the U.S., air masses are commonly moved by the prevailing westerlies and jet streams |
| Major wind belts over the continental United States. Generally push air masses from west to east. | Prevailing Westerlies |
| Bands of high-speed winds about 10km above Earth’s surface. Generally blow from west to east, carrying air streams along their tracks. | Jet streams |
| The boundary where air masses with different temperatures and humidity meet. Colliding air masses. | Fronts |
| what are the four types of fronts? | Cold fronts, warm fronts, stationary fronts, and occluded fronts |
| Forms when a faster cold air mass runs into a slower warm air mass, pushing the warm air upward along the leading edge of the colder air. | cold fronts |
| A fast-moving warm air mass overtakes a slower cold air mass. The warm air moves over the cold air. Clouds and precipitation accompany warm fronts. | warm fronts |
| Where a warm air mass is caught between two cooler air masses. The temperature near the ground becomes cooler and the warm air is cut off. Most complex weather situation. | Occluded fronts |
| Warm and cool air meet but neither can move the other. Where the two meet, water vapor in the warm air condenses into rain, snow, fog, or clouds. If it stalls, it may bring many days of clouds and precipitation | Stationary fronts |
| Which type of air is the most dense? | cold air |
| A swirling center of low air pressure As warm air rises, air pressure decreases | Cyclones |
| Opposite of a cyclone. High pressure centers of dry air. | Anticyclones |
| A violent disturbance in the atmosphere. Involve sudden changes in air pressure, which cause rapid air movements | storm |
| Precipitation falls as snow. Most precipitation begins in clouds as snow. If the air is colder than 0 degrees C. all the way to the ground, precipitation falls as snow. | Winter storms |
| A small storm often accompanied by heavy precipitation and frequent thunder and lightning. | Thunderstorms |
| Where do thunderstorms form? | cumulonimbus clouds |
| A sudden spark, or electrical discharge, as positive and negative electrical charges jump between parts of a cloud, between nearby clouds, or between a cloud and the ground. | Lightning |
| A tropical cyclone with winds of 119 km/h or higher. | Hurricane |
| Begins over ocean water as a low-pressure area or tropical disturbance. As it grows in size and strength, it becomes a tropical storm, which may then become a ________. | Hurricane |
| A rapidly spinning column of air that reaches down from a thunderstorm to touch Earth’s surface. | tornado |
| Where do tornadoes typically develop? | cumulonimbus clouds |
| A tornado that occurs over a lake or ocean | Waterspout |
| Ranks tornadoes by the amount of damage they cause. | Enhanced Fujita scale |
| Scientists who study and try to predict the weather | Meterologist |
| What does the National Weather Service use to gather data? | Balloons, satellites, radar, and surface instruments |
| What do meterologists use to analyze weather data? | Maps, charts, computers, and other technology. |
| Weather stations that gather data from surface locations for temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, and rainfall, and wind speed and direction. | Automated weather stations |
| Carry instruments into the troposphere and lower stratosphere to measure temperature, air pressure, and humidity. | Weather balloon |
| Orbit Earth in the exosphere and use cameras to take images of Earth’s surface, clouds, storms, and snow cover. Also collect data on temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed and direction. | Weather satellites |
| Process weather data quickly to help forecasters make predictions. | Computer forecasts |
| Lines joining places on the map that have the same air pressure. (Iso means equal, bar means weight). Numbers on isobars are pressure readings. | Isobars |
| Lines joining places that have the same temperature | Isotherms |
| A small change in the weather today can mean a larger change in the weather a week later. | Butterfly effect |
Created by:
trishap73
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