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Cog. psych ch. 6-8
Cog.Ch. 6-8 exam terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Declarative Memory | consists of episodic and semantic memories. Can be verbalized |
| Non-declarative memory | includes priming and procedural or motor learning |
| How do you improve memory? | mnemonics |
| mnemonics | use a variety of techniques, especially visual imagery, to improve performance |
| Ebbinghaus | First person to extensively study memory and forgetting. Th |
| Relearning task | original learning:learn list items to some accuracy criterion Delay after learning the list Learn the list a second time |
| Paired-Associate Learning Task | A list of pairs is shown, one pair at a time. The first member of the pair is the stimulus and the second member is the response |
| Recall Task | Learn items optional delay or distractor task during delay recall list items |
| Recognition Task (episodic) | Learn list items optional delay or distractor task during delay Make yes/no decisions to the items in a test list |
| Encoding Specificity | Each item is encoded into a richer memory representation that includes the context it was in during encoding |
| Testing Effect | additional experience that you get from tests actually helps you remember the information better |
| visual imagery | the mental picturing of a stimulus that affects later recall or recognition |
| Dual coding hypothesis | Words that denote concrete objects as opposed to abstract words can be encoded into memory twice |
| Organization | the structuring of information as it is stored in memor |
| Levels of processing/ depth of processing | Info receives some amount of mental processing. If info is shallowly processed using only maintenance rehearsal, then the info should not be well remembered later; if it is only maintained, then it shouldn't be stored at a deep meaningful level in LTM |
| Elaborative rehearsal | A more complex rehearsal that uses the meaning of the info to store and remember it |
| Maintenance rehearsal | a low-level, repetitive info recycling |
| Episodic memory | memory of the personally experienced events |
| Semantic memory | general world knowledge |
| node | point or location in the semantic space |
| Spreading activation | retrieval of information from the network |
| Proposition | Relation between two concepts |
| Semantic Relatedness Effect | Concepts that are more highly interrelated are retrieved faster |
| Reconstructive memory | we construct a memory by combining elements from the original together with existing knowledge |
| schema | mental framework or body of knowledge about some topic |
| scripts | semantic knowledge that guides our understanding of ordered events |
| Typicality | degree to which items are viewed as typical, central members of a category |
| Tramsience | The tendency to lose access to information across time, whether through forgetting, interfernce, or retrieval failure |
| Absent mindedness | Everyday memory failures in remembering info and intended activitiesm probably caused by insufficient attention or superficail, automatic processing during encoding |
| Blocking | Temporary retrieval failure or loss of access, such as the tip-of-the-tongue state, in either episodic or semantic |
| Misattribution | Remembering a fact correctly from past experience but attributing it to an incorrect source or context |
| Suggestibility | The tendency to incorporate info provided by others into your own recollection and memory representation |
| Bias | The tendency to incorporate information provided by others into your own recollection and memory representation |
| Persistence | The tendency to remember facts or events, including traumatic memories, that one would rather forget, that is, failure to forget b/c of intrusive recollections and rumination |
| prospective memory | The ability to remember to do something in the future |
| Source of misattribution | Inability to distinguish whether the original event or some later event was the true source of the information |
Created by:
cario
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