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PSYCH MMRY TEST 2021
Mr. Stickler's Liberty Christian PSYCH. "Cognition: Memory" Test Flashcards 2020
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the term "explicit memory" mean/ refer to? | "The system underlying conscious memories". |
| Complete the following sentence: "The memory that we retrieve from explicit memory is _________________ ___________________." | Declarative Memory. |
| What is the difference between "episodic" and "semantic memory"? | "Episodic memory" refers to a person’s past experiences; "Semantic memory" is "the knowledge of facts that are independent of person experience". |
| "Procedural memory" is also known as ______________ _______________. | Muscle Memory. |
| Complete the following sentence: "The memory that we retrieve from implicit memory is ___________________ ______________." | Procedural Memory. |
| What does the term "prospective memory" mean/ refer to? | This refers to "remembering to do something at some time in the future". |
| What does the term "forgetting" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "the inability to retrieve a memory from long-term storage". |
| What is the difference between "proactive" and "retroactive Interference"? | "Proactive interference" happens when old information inhibits the ability to remember new information; "retroactive interference" happens when new information inhibits the ability to remember new information. |
| What does the term "blocking" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "the temporary inability to remember something that is known". |
| List one (1) condition that might cause "blocking" to occur. | This situation might happen due to interference from words that are similar in some way - such as sound or meaning - and that recur. |
| What is the difference between "parallel processing" and "serial processing"? | "Parallel processing" occurs when multiple types of information are processed at the same time, while "serial processing" occurs when a single piece of information is processed at a time. |
| Explain the "Cocktail Party Phenomenon" in your own words. | This occurs when you are at a cocktail party or other large social gathering and are only able to focus on a single conversation at a time - only a "particularly pertinent stimulus" can capture your attention. |
| Explain Donald Broadbent's "Filter Theory" (1958) in your own words. | He believed that people have a limited capacity for sensory information. They screen information to let in only the most important information. |
| What does the term "sensory memory" mean/ refer to and how long does it last? | This refers to "a temporary memory system closely tied to the sensory system. (Lasts only a fraction of a second.) |
| Explain the "Serial Position Effect" in your own words. | This is "the ability to recall items from a list depends on order of presentation, with items presented early or late in the list remembered better than those in the middle.” |
| What is the difference between "primacy" and "recency effects"? | The "primacy effect" states that people have a better memory for items at the beginning of a list. The "recency effect" states that people have a better memory for things at the end of a list. |
| What did we learn about "multitasking" in class? | We learned that what people call "multitasking" is actually a reference to people's ability to switch their attention back and forth between different stimuli very quickly. |
| Is "multitasking" possible? | No. The human brain can only pay attention to one (1) stimuli at a time. |
| What does the term "cryptoamnesia" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the phenomena whereby people think that they have come up with a new idea, when, in reality, they retrieved an old idea & failed to attribute it to its proper source. |
| What is "source misattribution"? | This occurs when people misremember the time, place, person, or circumstances involved with a memory. |
| What is "source amnesia"? | This occurs when a person has a memory for an event but cannot remember where he or she encountered the information. |
| What does the term "flashbulb memories" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to ". . . vivid memories of the circumstances in which people first learn of a surprising and consequential or emotionally arousing event". |
| Explain how "memory bias" works. | In this process, memories change over time so that they are consistent with a person's current beliefs or attitudes. |
| In the videos that we watched that were related to "extraordinary memory", list the main difference between Marilu Henner's encoding and retrieval process vs. Stephen Wiltshire's processes. | Marilu Henner linked information together in her long term memory & had a very vivid memory for facts while Stephen Wiltshire encoded information visually and had what might be called a "photographic memory". |
| List two (2) of the tips you read about in the article titled "How Can I Study More Effectively for Exams?" | 1.) Use verbal mnemonics; 2.) Distribute your learning over time (do not "cram" information); 3.) Elaborate the material (think more deeply about terms and concepts); 4.) Overlearn; 5.) Use visual imagery. |
| In the video that we watched - "Stephen Wiltshire: Human Camera" - what is Stephen diagnosed with? | Stephen has been diagnosed with autism. |
| What are two (2) things that Stephen Wiltshire's drawing ability "unlocked" for him? | 1.) His speaking ability; 2.) His ability to travel and do things independently. |
| About how old was Stephen Wiltshire when he "discovered" his "gift"? | He was about 5 years old when this happened. |
| Give two (2) examples of things that professionals say related to Stephen Wiltshire's "gift"? | 1.) That he has a talent that only about 100 people in the world have; 2.) That his drawing ability has allowed him to express himself in ways that he may not otherwise have been able to do. |
| How was Stephen Wiltshire's "gift" "discovered"? | This was discovered when his teachers at elementary school gave him paper and a pencil in an attempt to calm him. |
| What does the term "encoding" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the process of transferring information from short - term to long - term memory. |
| What does the term "retrieval" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the process of "remembering stored information when it is needed". |
| How long does short - term memory last? | This lasts about 30 seconds. |
| How long does long - term memory last? | This lasts indefinitely. |
| What does the term "consolidation" mean/ refer to where memory is concerned? | This term refers to "the neural process by which encoded information becomes stored in memory". |
| What area of the brain is responsible for spatial memory? | The hippocampus is responsible for this type of learning. |
| What area of the brain is responsible for "fear learning"? | The amygdala is responsible for this type of learning. |
| What area of the brain is responsible for "motor action learning and memory"? | The cerebellum is responsible for this type of learning. |
| What does the term "long - term potentiation" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "the strengthening of a synaptic connection, making the postsynaptic neurons more easily activated by presynaptic neurons. |
| What does the term "reconsolidation" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the "neural processes involved when memories are recalled and then stored again for retrieval". |
| What is one (1) way that your textbook says to think of "reconsolidation"? | Our textbook says to compare this to a librarian returning a book to a shelf for storage so that it can be taken out again later. |
| What does the term "chunking" mean/ refer to where memory is concerned? | This term refers to "organizing information into meaningful units to make it easier to remember". |
| What does the term "schemas" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "cognitive structures that help us perceive, organize, process, and use information". |
| What are "mnemonics"? | These are "learning aids, strategies, and devices that improve recall through the use of retrieval cues". |
| What does the term "blocking" mean where memory is concerned? | This term refers to "the temporary inability to remember something". |
| What is the difference between "retrograde" and "anterograde amnesia"? | Retrograde amnesia is when people lose past memories from events, facts, people, & sometimes personal information. Anterograde amnesia is the loss of the ability to form new memories. |
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