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RADT465
radiation protection,physics,and radiobiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1- biologic material irradiated under hypoxic conditions is | less sensitive than when irradiated under oxygenated condition.(langeQ&A p.125) |
| what is the monthly gestational dose- equivalent limit for embryo/fetus of a pregnant radiographer according to the NCRP? | 0.5mSv (langeQ&A p.125) |
| 2-what is the monthly gestational dose- equivalent limit for embryo/fetus of a pregnant radiographer according to the NCRP? | 0.5mSv (langeQ&A p.125) |
| 3- stochastic/ probabilistic effects of radiation are | those that may be described as "all-or-nothing" effects and are late effects(langeQ&A p.125) |
| 4- is 50% of pubic exposure to ionizing radiation is from medical sources (true or false) | true (langeQ&A p.125) |
| 5-what cell type has the greatest radiosensitivity in the adult human? | lymphocytes (langeQ&A p.125) |
| 6- what is the most likely to occur when the interaction between ionizing radiation and the target molecule | indirect effect (langeQ&A p.126) |
| 7- sources of natural background radiation include ________,________, and ______________ | radon, internal sources, and thoron (langeQ&A p.126) |
| 8- what is kerma? | it is the unit that used to express kinetic energy released in matter(langeQ&A p.126) |
| 9- ______________ acute radiation syndrome requires the largest exposure before the associated effects become apparent | central nervous system (langeQ&A p.126) |
| 10-what is established annual occupational dose-equivalent limit for the lens of the eye? | 150 mSv (langeQ&A p.126) |
| 11- when is occupational radiation monitoring is required? | when the individual might receive more than one-tenth the annual dose limit (langeQ&A p.126) |
| 12-sources of natural background radiation contributing to whole- body radiation dose include___________&_____________ | terrestrial radionuclides & internal radionuclides (langeQ&A p.126) |
| 13- define radiolysis? | irradiation of water molecules within the body and their resulting breakdown (langeQ&A p.126) |
| 14-diagnostic x-radiation may be correctly described as | low energy, low LET(langeQ&A p.126) |
| 15-_______ is used to account for the differences in tissue characteristic when determining effective dose to biologic material. | tissue weighting factor (Wt)(langeQ&A p.127) |
| 16- what is the x-ray interaction with the matter that is responsible for majority of the scatter radiation reaching IR? | Compton scatter (langeQ&A p.127) |
| 17- lead aprons function to protect the user from ______ | scattered radiation (langeQ&A p.127) |
| 18- late radiation- induced somatic effects include ______,_______,&________ | thyroid cancer, cataractogenesis , and genetic mutations (langeQ&A p.127) |
| 19- the law of Bergonie and Tribondeau states that cells are more radiosensitive if they are _________&__________ | highly proliferative and immature (langeQ&A p.127) |
| 20- a thermoluminescent dosimetry system would use ________ crystals | lithium fluoride (langeQ&A p.127) |
| 21- sources of secondary radiation include ____________&___________ | leakage radiation and scattered radiation(langeQ&A p.127) |
| 22-focal spot size has an effect on patient dose (true or false) | false (langeQ&A p.128) |
| 23- when is the photoelectric effect occur ? | 1- absorbers having a high Z number 2-positive contrast media (langeQ&A p.128) |
| 24- an increase in total filtration of the x-ray beam will increase________ | beam HVL (langeQ&A p.128) |
| 25-in radiation protection, to determine the product of absorbed dose, weighting factors, and radiation weighting factors is | EfD(langeQ&A p.128) |
| 26-what is recommended for the pregnant radiographer? | wear second dosimeter under the lead apron (langeQ&A p.128) |
| 27- the annual dose limit for medical imaging personnel includes radiation from occupational exposure (true or false) | true (langeQ&A p.128) |
| 28-what is the benefit of moving the image intensifier closer to the patient during fluroroscopy? | decrease patient dose - improves image quality - decreases the SID (langeQ&A p.128) |
| 29- what cells are composed of non-dividing, differentiated cells? | neurons and neuroglia (langeQ&A p.129) |
| 30- is 0.25 mm pb equivalent minimum lead requirement for lead aprons. (true or false) | true (langeQ&A p.129) |
| 31- what is the most radiosensitive portion of GI tract? | small bowel (langeQ&A p.129) |
| 32- immature cells are called | stem cells and undifferentiated cells (langeQ&A p.129) |
| 33- define scattering? | is the term used to describe x-ray photon interaction with the matter and the transference of part of the photon's energy to matter.(langeQ&A p.129) |
| 34- what is the advantages of anatomic compression during procedure? | decreased patient dose - improved contrast resolution - improved spatial resolution (langeQ&A p.129) |
| 35- does the filtration affect the primary beam and how? | yes, it increase the average energy of the primary beam.(langeQ&A p.129) |
| 36-useful x-ray beam can be directed toward is called | primary barrier (langeQ&A p.129) |
| 37- the annual dose limit for occupationally exposed individuals is valid for ____________&______________&___________________- | beta, x-, and gamma radiation(langeQ&A p.129) |
| 38- patient dose increase as fluoroscopic FOV decreases (true or false) | true (langeQ&A p.130) |
| 39- what dose REM(Sv) measure? | is used to express ionizing radiation dose to biologic material (langeQ&A p.130) |
| 40- define LET? | a method of expressing radiation quality and a measure of the rate at which radiation energy is transferred to soft tissue (langeQ&A p.130) |
| 41- what is epilation? | when the skin response to radiation exposure that appears as hair loss (langeQ&A p.130) |
| 42- give an examples of late effect of ionizing radiation on humans | leukemia -local tissue damage - malignant disease (langeQ&A p.130) |
| 43- define attenuation ? | it is the reduction in the intensity of an x-ray beam as it passes through material (langeQ&A p.130) |
| 44- the largest amount of diagnostic x-ray absorption is most likely to occur in lung (true or false) | false in bone (langeQ&A p.131) |
| 45- according to NCRP , leakage radiation from the x-ray tube must not exceed 100mR/h(1.0 mGya/hr) (true or false) | true (langeQ&A p.131) |
| 46-primary radiation barriers usually require 1/8 inch lead (true or false) | false 1/16 inch (langeQ&A p.132) |
| 47- what is the annual effective occupational dose-equivalent limit ? | 5 rem (50mSv) (langeQ&A p.133) |
| 48- (true or false) as LET increases, RBE increases. | true (langeQ&A p.132) |
| 49- an increase of 1.0-mm added aluminum filtration of the x-ray beam would have | increase in average energy of the beam (langeQ&A p.133) |
| 50- correctly used to describe x-ray beam quality | HVL (langeQ&A p.134) |
| 51- the SSD in mobile fluoroscopy must be | a minimum of 12 inch (langeQ&A p.135) |
| 52- what is the annual occupational whole-body dose-equivalent limit, according to NCRP? | 50 mSv (langeQ&A p.135) |
| 53- what would result in the greatest skin dose? | short SID (langeQ&A p.136) |
| 54-what type of ionizing radiation is described as having an RBE of 1.0? | diagnostic x-rays (langeQ&A p.136) |
Created by:
alaasaud
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