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Psy Ch's 11,12,13
Ch's 11,12, for final exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chapter 11: Physical, Emotions, Cognitive, and Behavioral responses to events that are appraised* as threatening or challenging. | Stress |
| Chapter 11: Why do some people feel stress more or less than others? | Different people appraise* things in different ways. What may be a threat to one person may be an opportunity for another. |
| Chapter 11: There are two type of Stress. One is -negative and one is +positive what are they? | (-)Distress and (+)Eustress Both are caused by events that require change Cause Distress: Being Fired, Losing your house Cause Eustress: Being Promoted, Being married |
| Chapter 11: Which Endocrinologist Coined the term "Eustress"? (Endocrinologists treat people who suffer from hormonal imbalances, typically from glands in the endocrine system.) | Hans Selye (1936) Eustress' modern definition is "the optimal amount of stress that people need to promote health and well being. |
| Chapter 11: An unpredictable event that happens without warning on a large scale and creates tremendous amounts of stress and feelings of threat. (Like a tornado or something.) | Catastrophe. |
| Chapter 11: Small scale frustration, irritations, disagreements, and aggravations. | Hassles |
| Chapter 11: Urgent demands or expectations for a person's behavior coming from an outside source. | Pressure. |
| Chapter 11: When you are blocked or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a desired need. | Frustration. |
| Chapter 11: Action meant to harm or destroy. | Aggression. |
| Chapter 11: Taking ones Frustration* out on less threatening, more available targets. | Displaced Aggression. |
| Chapter 11: Another type of reaction to dealing with frustrations are ______ or __________. These can take the form of leaving, dropping out of school, quitting a job, or ending a relationsip. | Escape or Withdrawal. |
| Chapter 11: Whenever you find yourself torn between two or more competing and incompatible desires, goals, or actions. | Conflict.(Psychology Definition) |
| Chapter 11: When a person experiences a desire between to goals, both of which are attractive. (Win-Win) Like getting to choose between vanilla and chocolate, your still eating ice cream, so shut up. | Approach-Approach Conflict. |
| Chapter 11: The choice between two or more goals that are unpleasant. (Between a rock and a hard place) Like getting to choose between drowning, and suffocating, your still gonna die, so shut up. | Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict. |
| Chapter 11: This conflict only involves one goal or event, but that goal or event has both positive and negative aspects of it. Like marriage :D | Approach-Avoidance Conflict. |
| Chapter 11: Having to choose between two events or goals that both have positive and negative aspects of them. Like Going to college or being homeless. Refrigerator boxes are comfy that's all i'm saying. | Double Approach-Avoidance Conflict. |
| Chapter 11: Having to choose between more than two events or goals that both have positive and negative aspects of them. Just being a college student sums this up pretty well... | "Multiple Approach-Avoidance" Conflict? |
| Chapter 11: General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is a sequence of Physiological reactions that the body goes through when adapting to a stressor and consist of three stages. What are they? | In order: 1)Alarm 2)Resistance 3)Exhaustion |
| Chapter 11: When the body reacts to a stressor and the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) activates. The Adrenal Glands release hormones to: o) Raise heart rate o) Raise blood pressure o) Supply the blood with sugar resulting in a burst of energy. | Alarm, the first phase of GAS. |
| Chapter 11: Stress continues and the body settles into Sympathetic Division Activity. The body continues fight off or RESIST the stressor through Adrenal Releases. Symptoms of Alarm lessen and the person may even begin to feel better. | Resistance, the second phase in GAS. |
| Chapter 11: The Resistance stage ends from the stressor ending and/or the person runs out of resources to fight. if the run out of resources, What Happens? | They enter Exhaustion. |
| Chapter 11: Exhaustion, the third stage of GAS, can lead to what? | Formation of stress related diseases, or death if outside help is unavailable. |
| Chapter 11: The systems of cells, organs, and chemicals in the body that respond to attacks on the body from diseases and injury. | "Immune System": Hans Seyle first discovered the Immune System. |
| Chapter 11: What is CHD or Coronary Heart Disease? | The buildup of plaque in the arteries of the heart. |
| Chapter 11: Excessive weight gain causes insulin levels to be less efficient. A stress related disease. | Type 2 Diabetes. |
| Chapter 11: A condition in which cells uncontrollably divide, producing tumors as a result. (Anyone who likes Blood on the Dance Floor) | Cancer. |
| Chapter 11: A cell whose main function is to destroy viruses and tumor cells. | Natural Killer (NK) Cells. |
| Chapter 11: Cognitive Psychologist Richard Lazarus Developed a two-step process for assessing the degree or threat of harm from a stressor and how one should react to that stressor, What are the steps? | Primary Appraisal- Determining the threat level of the stressor Secondary Appraisal- Using the appropriate resources to deal with the stressors. |
| Chapter 11: Being a Workaholic, they are very competitive. ambitious, hate to waste time, and are easily annoyed. | "Type A" personality? |
| Chapter 11: Not very competitive or driven, tend to be easygoing and slow to anger, and seem relaxed and at peace. | "Type B" Personality. |
| Chapter 11: Tend to be pleasant and try to keep their peace but find it difficult to express emotions, especially negative ones. They internalize their anger and often experience a despair over the loss of a loved one or a loss of hope, risk of Cancer | A"Type C" Personality. |
| Chapter 11: The attitudes people choose to have towards things that happen in life. What are the two main groups? (Hint: OP) | Optimists & Pessimists. |
| Chapter 11: Define Optimists. c:) | o)Look for Positive Outcomes. Glass is have full. |
| Chapter 11: Define Pessimists. ):< | o) Expect the worst to happen. Glass is half empty. |
| Chapter 11: What Social Factors can influence stress reactions. | Job Stress and Poverty. |
| Chapter 11: Negative changes in thoughts, emotions, and behavior as a result of prolonged stress resulting from both mental and physical exhaustion. | Burnout. |
| Chapter 11: The stress resulting from the need to change and adapt to the dominant or majority culture. | Acculturative Stress. |
| Chapter 11: The network of friends, family, neighbors, coworkers, and others who can offer help to a person in need. | Social support system . |
| Chapter 11: Actions that people can take to master, tolerate, reduce, or minimize the effects of stressors, and they can include both behavioral strategies and psychological strategies. | Coping Strategies. |
| Chapter 11: When people try to eliminate the source of the stress or reduce its impact through their own actions. | Problem Focused Coping. |
| Chapter 11: Changing the way a person feels or emotionally reacts to a stressor. | Emotion Focused Coping. |
| Chapter 11: To focus the mind on repetitive or unchanging stimulus To help the body and mind forget daily hassles* | Concentration Mediation. |
| Chapter 12: The process of directly or indirectly having your behavior, feelings, and thoughts influenced by the presence of other people. | Social Influence. |
| Chapter 12: Changing ones own behavior to more closely match the actions of others. | Conformity. |
| Chapter 12: The need to act in ways that we feel will let us be like and accepted by others. (Like laughing at a joke you don't get because everyone else is laughing.) | Normative Social Influence. |
| Chapter 12: When people within a group feel it is more important to maintain the group's cohesiveness that to consider the facts realistically. | Groupthink. |
| Chapter 12: The tendency for members involved in a group discussion to take more extreme positions and suggests riskier actions when compared to individuals who have not participated in group discussions. | Group Polarization. |
| Chapter 12: The positive influence of others on performance. | Social Facilitation. |
| Chapter 12: The negative influence of others on performance. | Social Impairment. |
| Chapter 12: When people can't perform well when others are working on the same task, but do perform well when working alone. | Social Loafing. |
| Chapter 12: The lessening of their sense of personal identity and personal responsibility. | Deindividuation. |
| Chapter 12: A branch of Psychology focused on figuring out how to get people to buy things that people are selling. | Consumer Psychology. |
| Chapter 12: When people change their behavior as a result of another person or group asking or directing them to change. | Compliance. |
| Chapter 12: When compliance to a smaller task is followed by a larger request. | "Foot-In-The-Door" Compliance Technique. |
| Chapter 12: The larger request comes first, followed by a smaller, more reasonable task as a method to get compliance for the smaller task. | "Door-In-The-Face" Compliance Technique. |
| Chapter 12: Once a commitment is made, the cost of the commitment is increased. (Popular technique in the sales world.) | "Lowball" Compliance Technique. |
| Chapter 12: Refers to any group of people with a particular religious or philosophical beliefs and identity. | A Cult. |
| Chapter 12: Changing ones behavior at the direct order of an authority figure. | Obedience. |
| Chapter 12: Ways in which people think about other people and how those cognitions influence behavior towards those other people. | Social Cognition. |
| Chapter 12: A tendency to respond positively or negatively toward a certain idea, person, object, or situation. | Attitude. |
| Chapter 12: One of three ABC Model of Attitudes' Components that involves the way a person FEELS toward the object, person, or situation. (This is the emotional Component. For example, people might FEEL that country music is fun and uplifting.) | The "A": Affective Component. |
| Chapter 12: One of three ABC Model of Attitudes' Components that involves the ACTION that a person takes in regards to the person, object, or situation. (Someone who likes Country music by country affiliated merchandise.) | The "B": Behavior Component. |
| Chapter 12: One of three ABC Model of Attitudes' Components that involves the way a person THINKS about him or herself, an object, or a situation. (A country music lover might THINK that country music is superior to other genres of music.) | The "C": Cognitive Component. |
| Chapter 12: The result of a different number of influences with only one thing in common: They are all forms of learning. | Attitude Formation. |
| Chapter 12: What are the four Factors that determine how persuasive someone can be? | Source Message Target Audience Medium |
| Chapter 12: Which Factor of Persuasion?:The communicator is the person delivering the message. There is a strong tendency to give more credibility to people who are identified as experts, those who seem trustworthy, and are attractive. | The "Source" Factor. |
| Chapter 12: Which Factor of Persuasion?: The actual message should be clear and organized. It is usually more effective to present both sides of an argument to an audience that has not yet committed to one side or the other. | The "Message" Factor. |
| Chapter 12: Which Factor of Persuasion?: The characteristics of the people who are intended targets of the message. The age of the Audience members can be a factor. | The "Target Audience" Factor. |
| Chapter 12: Which Factor of Persuasion?: The form through which a person receives a message. | The "Medium" Factor. |
| Chapter 12: In the Elaboration Likelihood Model ELM, people will elaborate based on what they hear OR they do not elaborate at all, rather paying attention to the surface of the message. Two types of processing are part of this model, what are they? | Central-Route Processing Peripheral-Route Processing |
| Chapter 12: Type of Processing in ELM People attend to the content of the message. | Central-Route Processing. |
| Chapter 12: Type of Processing in ELM Processing that relies on peripheral cues, such as the expertise of the message source, or the length of the message. Factors that have nothing to do with the message. | Peripheral-Route Processing. |
| Chapter 12: When people find themselves doing or saying things that don't match with their ideas of themselves as smart, nice, or moral. | Cognitive Dissonance. |
| Chapter 12: The forming of the first information a person has about another person. | Impression Formation. |
| Chapter 12: An assignment to a category or group that is usually based on characteristics the new person has in common with other peoples or groups with whom the perceiver has had prior experiences. | Social Categorization. |
| Chapter 12: The belief that a set of characteristics is shared by all members of a particular social category. | Stereotype. |
| Chapter 12: Sets of assumptions that people have about how different types of people, personality, traits, and actions are all related and form in childhood. | Implicit Personality Theory. |
| Chapter 12: The process of explaining one's own behavior and the behavior of others. | Attribution. |
| Chapter 12: When the cause of behavior is said to be from external sources, such as weather, traffic, educational opportunities, and so on it is said to be what type of cause? | Situational Cause |
| Chapter 12: If the cause of behavior is assumed to come from within the individual, it is called what type of cause. | Dispositional Cause. |
| Chapter 12: The tendency for people observing someone else's actions to overestimate the influence of that person's internal characteristics on behavior and underestimate the influence of the situation. | Fundamental Attribution Error. |
| Chapter 12: When a person holds an unsupported and often negative stereotyped attitude about the members of a particular social group, it is called what? | Prejudice. |
| Chapter 12: When prejudicial attitudes cause members of a particular social group to be treated differently than others in situations that call for equal treatment, it is called what. | Discrimination. |
| Chapter 12: What group involves all the people a particular person identifies with? | The "in-group". |
| Chapter 12: What group involves everybody that a particular person does not identify with? | The "out-group". |
| Chapter 12: A person or group, typically member or members of an "out-group" who serve as a target for the frustrations and negative emotions of the "in-group"? | A Scapegoat. |
| Chapter 12: The effect that a person's knowledge of another's stereotyped opinions can have on that person's behavior. | Stereotype Vulnerability. |
| Chapter 12: The effect that expectations can have on outcomes. | Self-fulfilling Prophecy. |
| Chapter 12: A situation in which two or more groups are all in the same situation with neither group holding any power over the other(s)? | Equal Status Contact. |
| Chapter 12: Liking or having the desire for a relationship with someone else. | Interpersonal Attraction. |
| Chapter 12: Being physically near someone else. | Proximity. |
| Chapter 12: People have a very strong tendency to like people who like them, a simple bit powerful concept referred to as? | Reciprocity of Liking. |
| Chapter 12: Psychologists Robert Sternberg proposed a theory that outlines the three main components of Love. What are they? | Intimacy, Passion, and Commitment. |
| Chapter 12: When intimacy and commitment are the main components of a relationship, it is called... | Compassionate Love |
| Chapter 12: The pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a particular social position. | A Social Role. |
| Chapter 12: A socially desirable behavior that benefits others rather than brings them harm. | Prosocial Behavior. |
| Chapter 12: Helping someone in trouble with no expectation of reward and often without fear for one's own safety. | Altruism. |
| Chapter 12: The likely hood of a bystander to help someone decreases as the number of bystanders increase, this is called... | The Bystander Effect. |
| Chapter 12: The phenomenon in which a person fails to take responsibility for either action or inaction because of the presence of other people who are seen to share the responsibility. | Diffusion of Responsibility. |
| Chapter 12: The study of how our bodies and brains work during social behavior is called... | Social Neuroscience. |
| Chapter 13: The unique way in which each individual thinks, acts, and feels throughout their life. | Personality. |
| Chapter 13: Value judgments made about a person's morals or ethical behavior. | Character. |
| Chapter 13: The enduring characteristics with which each person is born, such as irritability or adaptability. Based on biology. | Temperament. |
| Chapter 13: A part of the mind that remains hidden at all times, surfacing only in symbolic form in dreams and in some of the behavior people engage in without knowing why they have done so. | The Unconscious Mind. |
| Chapter 13: The first and most primitive part of personality present in infants. this personality is completely unconscious, pleasure seeking, amoral part of the personality that exists at birth. | The id (id is Latin for it). |
| Chapter 13: The desire for immediate gratification of needs with no regards for the consequences. | The Pleasure Principle. |
| Chapter 13: The second part of the personality to develop is mostly conscious and is far more rational, logical, and cunning than the id personality. Is formed to help deal with reality. | The Ego (Ego is Latin for I). |
| Chapter 13: The need to satisfy the demands of the id only in ways that won't end in negative consequences. The ego works off of this principle. | The Reality Principle. |
| Chapter 13: The third and final part of the personality to develop, the moral center of personality develops as the preschool-aged child learns the rules, customs, and expectations of society. This also contains the Conscience. | The Super Ego (Latin for Over the Self). |
| Chapter 13: The part of the personality that develops as part of the Super Ego, and makes people feel guilt, or moral anxiety when doing wrong. This is what allows children to develop a sense of right and wrong. | Conscience. |
| Chapter 13: Ways of dealing with anxiety through unconsciously distorting ones' perception on reality. | The Psychological Defense Mechanisms. |
| Chapter 13: Psychological Defense Mechanism: Refusal to recognize or acknowledge a threatening situation. | Denial. (Pat is an alcoholic who denies being an alcoholic.) |
| Chapter 13: Psychological Defense Mechanism: "Pushing" threatening or conflicting events or situations out of conscious memory. | Repression. (Reagan, who was sexually abused as a child, cannot remember the abuse at all.) |
| Chapter 13: Psychological Defense Mechanism: Making up acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior. | Rationalization. (If I don't have breakfast, I can have that piece of cake later without hurting my diet.) |
| Chapter 13: Psychological Defense Mechanism: Placing one's own unacceptable thoughts onto others as if the thoughts belonged to them and not to oneself. | Projection. (Britni is attracted to her sister's husband but denies this and believes the husband is attracted to her.) |
| Chapter 13: Psychological Defense Mechanism: Forming an emotional reaction or attitude that is the opposite of one's threatening or unacceptable actual thoughts. | Reaction Formation. (Charley is unconsciously attracted to Sean but outwardly voices an extreme hatred of homosexuals.) |
| Chapter 13: Expressing feelings that would be threatening if directed at the real target onto a less threatening substitute target. | Displacement. (Sandra gets reprimanded by her boss and angrily goes home to pick a fight with her husband.) |
| Chapter 13: Falling back on childlike behaviors as a way of coping with stressful situations. | Regression. (Four year old Blaine starts wetting his bed after his parents bring home a new baby.) |
| Chapter 13: Trying to become like someone else to deal with one's own anxiety. | Identification. (Samantha really admires Emily, the most popular girl in school, and tries to copy her behavior and dress.) |
| Chapter 13: Trying to make up for areas in which a lack is perceived by becoming superior in some other areas. | Compensation/Substitution. (Ethan is not good at athletics, so he puts all of his energy into being an academic scholar.) |
| Chapter 13: Turning socially unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behavior. | Sublimation. (Ryder, who is very aggressive, becomes a mixed martial arts fighter. |
| Chapter 13: Conflicts that are not resolved can result in being stuck to some degree in a stage of development. (The child may grow into an adult but will still carry emotional "baggage") | Fixation. |
| Chapter 13: Freud believed that personality occurs in a series of ______ ______ that are determined by the developing sexuality of the child. At each stage, a different erogenous zone, or area that produces pleasurable feeling, becomes important. | Psychosexual Stages. |
| Chapter 13: The Erogenous Zone is the mouth during this Psychosexual Stage. | The Oral Stage (First 18 Months). |
| Chapter 13: As a toddler, Freud believes the Erogenous Zone moves from the mouth to the anus. Freud believed that children found pleasure in withholding and releasing feces. | The Anal Stage (18 to 36 Months). |
| Chapter 13: As the child grows older, the Erogenous Zone shifts to the genitals. Children understand the differences in sexes by now and have also engaged in perfectly normal self stimulation, or masturbation. | Phallic Stage (3 to 6 Years). |
| Chapter 13: Freud believed that boys develop both sexual attraction to their mothers and jealousy of their fathers during the phallic stage, a phenomenon called... | Oedipus Complex. |
| Chapter 13: Freud believed that girls develop both sexual attraction to their fathers and jealousy of their mothers during the phallic stage, a phenomenon called... | Electra Complex |
| Chapter 13: From age 6 to the onset of puberty children will remain in this stage of hidden, or latent , sexual feelings so this stage is known as. They'll grow physically, intellectually, and socially, but not sexually. | Latency Stage (6 Years to Puberty.) |
| Chapter 13: Once puberty begins, repressed sexual feelings come out into consciousness and are no longer targeting the parents but other adolescents. | Genital Stage (Puberty On) |
| Chapter 13: Freud's explanation for both the workings of the unconscious mind and the development of personality and the therapy he based on that theory. | Psychoanalysis. |
| Chapter 13: Early Psychoanalysts who followed Freud's ideas. | Neo-Freudians. |
| Chapter 13: Disagreed with Freud about the nature of the unconscious mind. Believed that although there was a personal conscious that there was also a collective conscious. | Carl Gustav Jung ("YOONG"). |
| Chapter 13: Collective, universal human memories were called... | Archetypes. |
| Chapter 13: Disagreed with Freud over the importance of sexuality in personality development. Believed in children seeking superiority rather than pleasure. | Alfred Adler. |
| Chapter 13: Disagreed with Freud over the differences between males and females, most notably the idea of "Penis Envy". Countered with her own concept of "Womb Envy". | Karen Horney (Horn-EYE). |
| Chapter 13: Became a Psychoanalyst by studying with Anna Freud. Emphasized the social relationships that are important at every stage of life. | Erik Erikson. |
| Chapter 13: A set of learned responses. | Habits. |
| Chapter 13: Learning Theorists who emphasize the importance of both the influences of other people's behaviors and of a person's own experience on learning. | Social Cognitive Learning Theorists. |
| Chapter 13: A concept developed by Albert Bandura in which behavior is governed not just by the influence of external stimuli and response patterns, but also cognitive processes such as anticipating and judging events. | Social Cognitive View. |
| Chapter 13: Bandura (1989) believes that three factors influence on another in determining the patterns of behavior that make up personality, what are they? | The Environment, The Behavior itself, and personal or Cognitive Factors. |
| Chapter 13: Bandura coined the term for the relation ship between the three factors that make up behavior as what? | Reciprocal Determination. |
| Chapter 13: A person's expectancy of how effective his or her efforts to accomplish a goal will be in any particular circumstance. | Self-Efficacy |
| Chapter 13: The tendency for people to assume that they do or do not have control of certain events and consequences in their lives.s | Locus of Control. |
| Chapter 13: A person's subjective feeling that a particular behavior will lead to a reinforcing consequence. | Expectancy. |
| Chapter 13: An approach to psychology that emphasizes empathy and stresses the good in human behavior. In politics and social theory, this approach calls for human rights and equality. Focuses on what makes people uniquely human. | The Humanistic Perspective. |
| Chapter 13: A Human's tendency to always try to strive for fulfillment and become everything that their genetic potential will allow them to accomplish. | Self-Actualizing Tendency. |
| Chapter 13: The development of an image of ones self. | Self Concept. |
| Chapter 13: Warmth, Affection, Love, and Respect that comes from the significant others. (Parents, admired adults, Friends, and Teachers) | Positive Regard. |
| Chapter 13: Love, Affection, and Respect that comes with no strings attached. | Unconditioned Positive Regard. |
| Chapter 13: Love, Affection, and Respect that seems to depend on the significant other doing what is required of them. | Conditioned Positive Regard. |
| Chapter 13: A person who is in the process of self actualizing, actively exploring potentials and abilities, and experiencing a match between real self and ideal self is a... | Fully Functioning Person. |
| Chapter 13: A consistent, enduring way of thinking, feeling, or behaving. | A Trait. |
| Chapter 13: The personality Characteristics easily seen by other people. | Surface Traits. |
| Chapter 13: More basic traits that underlie the surface traits. For example, Shyness, being quiet, and disliking crowds might all be surface traits related to the _____ trait of Introversion. | Source Traits. |
| Chapter 13: A tendency to withdrawal from excessive stimulation. | Introversion. |
| Chapter 13: The Five Factor model of Personality involves what five traits, (Hint: OCEAN) | Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism. |
| Chapter 13: A person's willingness to try new things and be open to new experiences. | Openness. |
| Chapter 13: A person's Motivation and Organization. | Conscientiousness. |
| Chapter 13: A Person's ability to be outgoing and Sociable. | Extraversion. |
| Chapter 13: The basic emotional style of a person, who may be easygoing, friendly, and pleasant. | Agreeableness. |
| Chapter 13: A person's Emotional stability or instability. | Neuroticism. |
| Chapter 13: When a particular circumstance of any given situation is assumed to influence the way in which a trait is expressed. | Trait-Situation Interaction. |
| Chapter 13: The study of just ow much an individual's personality is due to inherited traits. | Behavioral Genetics. |
| Chapter 14: The social or environmental setting of a person's behavior. | Situational Context |
| Chapter 14: Emotional distress while engaging in a particular behavior or thought process. | Subjective Discomfort. |
| Chapter 14: Thinking or behavior that does not allow people to fit into society or function normally. | Maladaptive. |
| Chapter 14: Any pattern of behavior or psychological functioning that causes people significant distress, causes them to harm themselves or others, or harms their ability to function in everyday life. | Psychological Disorder. |
| Chapter 14: This model proposes that psychological disorders have a biological or medical cause. | The Biological Model. |
| Chapter 14: What's normal in one culture may be considered abnormal in another, this is known as... | The Sociocultural Perspective. |
| Chapter 14: The need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which the person with a disorder was nurtured to be able to correctly diagnose and treat the disorder. | Cultural Relativity. |
| Chapter 14: Disorders in which the most dominant symptom is excessive or unrealistic anxiety. | Anxiety Disorders. |
| Chapter 14: Anxiety that seems to be unrelated to any realistic and specific known factor and is often a symptom of anxiety disorders. | Free-Floating Anxiety. |
| Chapter 14: An irrational, persistent fear of something. | Phobia |
| Chapter 14: The fear of interacting with others or being in social situations. | Social Anxiety Disorder. |
| Chapter 14: An irrational fear of a specific object or situation. | Specific Phobia. |
| Chapter 14: The fear of small or tight spaces. | Claustrophobia. |
| Chapter 14: Fear of heights. | Acrophobia. |
| Chapter 14: The fear of being in a place or situation in which escape is difficult or impossible should something go wrong. | Agoraphobia. |
| Chapter 14: A sudden onset of extreme panic with various physical symptoms: racing heart, rapid breathing, a sensation of being "out of one's body", dulled hearing and vision, and a dry mouth. | Panic Attack |
| Chapter 14: When panic attacks occur more than once or repeatedly. and cause persistent worry or change in behavior that they become a... | Panic Disorder. |
| Chapter 14: When excessive anxieties and worries have occurred more days than not for at least 6 months. | Generalized anxiety Disorder. |
| Chapter 14: When intruding* thoughts that occur again and again are followed by some repetitive, ritualistic behavior or mental acts. | Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. |
| Chapter 14: Anxiety, dissociative symptoms, recurring nightmares, sleep disturbances, problems in concentration, and moments in which people seem to "relive" the event in dreams and flashbacks are all symptoms of what? | Acute Stress Disorder. |
| Chapter 14: When symptoms of Acute Stress Disorder last for more than 1 month, the disorder is then called... | Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. |
| Chapter 14: The tendency to make situations seem far more, harmful, dangerous, or embarrassing than they actually are. | Magnification. |
| Chapter 14: A distorted thought process in which an individual believes their performances need to be perfect or it will be a complete failure. | All or Nothing Thinking. |
| Chapter 14: Jumping to conclusions without facts to support the conclusion. | Overgeneralization. |
| Chapter 14: Giving little or no emphasis to one's success or positive events and traits. | Minimization |
| Chapter 14: In Psychological terms, the word "affect" is used to mean what? | Emotion or Mood. |
| Chapter 14: Disturbances in emotions that are also referred to as "Affective" Emotions. | Mood Disorders. |
| Chapter 14: When a deeply depressed mood comes on fairly suddenly and either seems to be too severe for the circumstances or exists without any external cause for sadness, it is called... | Major Depressive Disorder. |
| Chapter 14: Sessions of excessive excitement, energy and elation. | Manic Episodes. |
| Chapter 14: When a person experiences periods of mood that can range from severe depression to manic episodes, that person is said to suffer from a type of... | Bipolar Disorder. |
| Chapter 14: A condition in which a person reduces eating to the point where their body weight is significantly low. | Anorexia or Anorexia Nervosa. |
| Chapter 14: A condition in which a person develops a cycle of "binging," or over eating enormous amounts of food at one sitting, and then using other inappropriate methods of avoiding weight gain. | Bulimia or Bulimia Nervosa. |
| Chapter 14: Uncontrolled Binge Eating that differs from Bulimia, primarily in that the individual does not use inappropriate methods of avoiding weight gain. | Binge Eating Disorders. |
| Chapter 14: A long lasting psychotic disorder (involving a severe break with reality) in which they're is an inability to distinguish what is real from fantasy as well as disturbances in thinking, emotions, behavior, and perception. | Schizophrenia. |
| Chapter 14: Disorder in thinking are a common symptom in schizophrenia and are known as... | Delusions. |
| Chapter 14: Another common symptom of Schizophrenia in which a person hears voices or sees things or people that are not really there. | Hallucinations. |
| Chapter 14: A condition in which a person shows little or no emotion. | Flat Effect. |
| Chapter 14: Both extremes, either wildly excessive movement or lack there of. | Catatonia |
| Chapter 14: Ways that you can describe Schizophrenia fall into two distinct categories. What are they? | Positive Symptoms and Negative Symptoms. |
| Chapter 14: A model that assumes the persons with thw genetic marjers for schizophrenia have a physical vulnerability to the disorder but will not develop schizophrenia unless they are exposed to environmental or emotional stress at critical times. | Stress- Vulnerability Model. |
| Chapter 14: Someone suffering from "this" personality disordered are literally "against society." The antisocial person may habitually break the law, disobey rules, tell lies, and use other people without worrying about their rights or feelings. | ASPD (Antisocial Personality Disorder) |
| Chapter 14: People who have this disorder have relationships with other people that are intense and relatively unstable, They are impulsive, have an unstable sense of self, and are intensely fearful of abandonment. Ambitions also change dramatically. | BLPD (Borderline Personality Disorder.) |
| Chapter 14: The study of pathologies of the mind, mood, and behavior. | Abnormal Psychology. |
| Chapter 14: Having more than one diagnosis. | Comorbidity. |
| Chapter: 14 Factors that cause or contribute to development of psychological or medical problems. | Etiology. |
| The two general categories of Etiology. | Biological Approaches and Psychological Approaches |
| Chapter: 14 Alterations in neurotransmitters. (Genetic factors. Brain injury, and infection) | Biological Approach to Etiology. |
| Chapter: 14 Personal experiences, traumas, conflict, and environmental factors. (Psychological, behavioral, cognitice sociocultural. |
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