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The Immune System
Ariene The Immune System Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anopheles | the female mosquito that causes Maleria and carries it. |
| Antimalerial drugs | HydroxychloroquinePlaquenil Sulfate |
| Anti-infectives for the immune system | antibotics,antimicrobials,antifungals,antivirals,antibactirials...etc. |
| Antibodies are also called | immunoglobulins. They attack the infection or infection causing agents. |
| Antigens | are MOLECULES, and the don't have to be living that trigger the immune system. EX. a grain of sand |
| Pathogens | a disease causing ORGANISM, a living thing |
| 4 Types of Microorganisms:can be helpful(in a certain amt) or pathogenic(causes a disease EX. yeast infection) | Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, and Parasites |
| Bacteria | single celled organism w/ a cell wall. CAN LIVE INDEPENDENTLY IN THE WORLD ON ANY SURFACE OR IN BODY |
| Viruses | tiny genetic Parasites, require a host to live and replicate. Can live on surface for a very short time, then die. |
| Fungi | single or multicellular organism found throughout the enviornment. |
| Parasites | protozoa, roundworms,flatworms, and arthropods. |
| 3 MAIN ROUTES OF PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION | Ingestion, Inhalation, and Physical contact, EX. STD's |
| The MOST COMMON form of transmissin for Pathogens is: | Unwashed hands |
| The #1 METHOD FOR PREVENTION of Pathogen transmission is: | Hand Washing,you as a PT can prevent pathogens from contaminating the drug by washing your hands. |
| What is Anti-infectives | a general term under which various types of drugs are subclassified under. Examples below |
| antibacterials | bacteria only |
| antivirals | viruses only |
| antifungals | fungi only |
| what are anti-infectives called that treat more than one type of pathogen | Broad Spectrum antibiotics |
| Another word for anti-infectives is | antimicrobials |
| Antimicrobial means | against the growth of microorganisms of microbes. |
| 7 Types of Antibotics by Drug class: | Sulfonamides(Sulfa drugs), PCN'S, Cephalosporins,Aminoglycosides,TCN's,Macrolides, and Florquinolones(Quinolones) |
| PENICILLINS divided into 4 groups and then in 4 generations | Natural PCN's, Penicillinase-resistant PCN's, Aminopenicillins, and Extended-Spectrum PCN's |
| T or F : There are more allergies to PCN than to any other drug class. | True, the usual reaction is a rash or GI disturbance. WORST CASE: severe allergy resulting in anaphylactic shock cured by epinephrine 5-20min after or the person may die. |
| 1st Generation | Natural PCN : Penicillin G Benzathine (bicillin)Penicillianase-resistant: Methocillin(staphcillin) |
| MRSA | Methocillin Resistant Staphalacacous Aureuas |
| 2nd Generation | Aminopenicillians: Ampicillin(omnipen), Amoxicillin(amoxcil) |
| 3rd Generation | Extended-Spectrum PCN's: Ticarcillin(ticar) |
| 4th Generation | Extended-Spectrum PCN's: Piperacillin(pipracil) |
| CEPHALOSPORINS chem. cousin to PCN | if you are allergic to cephlosporins, there is a 5-20% chance you are allergic to PCN to! |
| Cephalosporins are divided in 4 generations | chem. cousin to PCN |
| 1st generation | Cephalexin(Keflex) |
| 2nd generation | Cefaclor(Ceclor) |
| 3rd/4th generation | Cefdinir(Omnicef) |
| TETRACYCLINES | used as systemic agents against:(LIME DISEASE AND MALARIA) ALSO acne,bacteria,protozoans, and antiheumatic agents. |
| 1. Minocycline (Minocin) | 2. Oxytetracycline(Terramycin) |
| MACROLIDES | mainly bacterialistic: inhibits the growth of bacteria or bacteriaciudal: kills bacteria |
| 1. Azithromycin (Zithromax) | 2. Clarithromycin (Biaxin) |
| AMINOGLYCOSIDES (systemic infections and topically for ocular infections) | potent bacterial antibiotics reserved for the treatment of severe infections |
| Infections mostly common in | in abdomen,UTI,endocarditis(infection of the heart), and bacteremia |
| T or F : Aminoglycosides are not ototoxic | False, and can cause permanant hearing loss! |
| 1. Ocular Gentamycin(Garamycin) | 2. Tobramycin (Nebcin), 3. Amikacin(Amikin) |
| FLORQUINOLONES(QUINOLONES) | treat severe infections like: bone, skin, joint, UTI, serious ear infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, TB, inflamation of the prostate, some STD's. |
| T or F : Quinolones can be used long-term? | False. Only limited use |
| 1. Ciprofloxacin(Cipro) | used as a profalactic med. given to victim immediatly. EX. Nurse who got a drop of infected blood on her. |
| 2. Oflaxacin(Floxin) | oto - ear drops |
| SULFONAMIDES antibiotics that contain sulfa "Sulf Drugs" | used to treat UTI, bronchitis,middle ear infections and traveler's diarrhea. and PCP aids related pneumonia. |
| 1. Sulfamethxazole (trimethoprim bactrim and septra | 2. Sulfasoxazole(Gantrisin) |
| ANTIFUNGALS : classified into 3 categories | 1.drugs for systemic mycoses 2.oral drugs for mucocutaneous infections 3.topical drugs for mucocutaneous infections mucocutaneous infections |
| MYCOSIS plural Mycoses | a condition in which fungi pass the resistance barrier of the human or animal body and establish infections. BODY IS INVADED BY FUNGUS!!! |
| Mucocutaneus Zone | Skin composing of both the mucosa and cutaneous skin. eyes,penis tip,vagina,mouth and anal hole. |
| Major Drugs for Systemic Mycoses include: | Amphocin(Amphotericin B) |
| MYCOSIS plural Mycoses | a condition in which fungi pass the resistance barrier of the human or animal body and establish infections. BODY IS INVADED BY FUNGUS!!! |
| Mucocutaneus Zone | Skin composing of both the mucosa and cutaneous skin. eyes,penis tip,vagina,mouth and anal hole. |
| Major Drugs for Systemic Mycoses include: | Amphocin(Amphotericin B) |
Created by:
ariene.woodland
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