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Psychotherapy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Biomedical therapy | Drug therapy, ECT, psychosurgery |
| Psychologist | Specializes in diagnosis and treatment of pscyh disorders and behavioral problems. Clinical for disorders, counseling for everyday problems. PhD |
| Psychiatrist | Specializes in psychiatric disorders, biomedical treatments. Medical degree |
| Clinical social worker | Works with patients and families to ease patient's integration back into community. Masters |
| Psychiatric nurses | Works on team with psychologists and psychiatrists to assist in treatment. Bachelor's or Master's |
| Counselors | Specialize in one area like vocational, marital, or drug problems. Master's degree |
| Insight therapy | Verbal interactions intended to enhance self-knowledge and promote healthful changes in personality or behavior |
| Psychoanalysis | Insight therapy - Recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives and defenses through techniques - free association / transference |
| Free association | Insight therapy - When clients spontaneously express thoughts or feelings exactly how they occur with as little censorship |
| Dream analysis | Insight therapy - Interprets symbolic meaning of dreams. |
| Interpretation | Therapist's attempts to explain inner significance of client's mind |
| Resistance | Insight therapy - Largely unconscious defensive maneuvers that hinder process of therapy (don't want to face painful unconscious conflicts) |
| Transference | Insight therapy - clients relate to therapists and mimic critical relationships in lives |
| Take less time, less attention to unconscious, more direct, less centered on sex and aggression, less distant past, more current | Modern psychodynamic therapy differences |
| Client Centered Therapy (Rogers) | Therapy with incongruence, not needing to please everyone |
| Therapeutic climate | In insight therapy - provides supportive emotional climate for clients - plays major role in determining pace and direction of therapy. Genuineness, unconditionally positive, empathy, clarification |
| Clarification | Reflecting statements back to clients with enhanced clarity (active listening) |
| Cognitive therapy | Insight therapy that recognizes and changes negative thoughts and beliefs. |
| Rational Emotive Therapy (RET) | Cognitive therapy that focuses on altering client's patterns of irrational thinking that reduces maladaptive emotions and behaviors |
| Catastrophic thinking | Unrealistically negative appraisals of stress that exaggerates magnitude of problems |
| Activating event, belief system, consequence. | ABC sequence of stress production |
| Overgeneralization | Cognitive error - if true in something, true in other things |
| Selective abstraction | Cognitive error - focuses on only negatives |
| Excessive responsibility | Cognitive error - assumes personal causality |
| Assuming temporal causality | Cognitive error - If true in past, always true |
| Self references | Cognitive error - if you do something wrong, everyone knows |
| Catastrophizing | Cognitive error - always thinking the worst |
| Dichotomous thinking | Cognitive error - everything black and white |
| Group therapy | Simultaneous treatments of 4-15 clients - cheaper |
| Eysenck | Thought that treatment in insight therapies is no better than spontaneous (no treatment) remission |
| Behavioral therapies | Therapy with principles of learning, classical / operant conditioning, observational learning to correct maladaptive behavior |
| Systematic desensitization | Behavior therapy that reduces phobic client's anxiety responses through counter conditioning. Relax response instead of fear response |
| List anxiety stimuli from most to least, train client in deep muscle relaxation, work through hierarchy | 3 steps for fear desensitization |
| Aversion therapy | Behavior therapy that removes unwanted pleasant associations related to maladaptive behavior |
| Social skills training | Behavior therapy that improves interpersonal skills through modeling, rehearsal, shaping |
| Biofeedback | Behavior therapy technique where info about bodily function is monitored and fed back to person |
| Implosion and flooding | Behavior therapy where client flooded with particular experience to become averse or numbed to them |
| Token economy | Behavior therapy where given symbolic reinforcers later exchanged for genuine reinforcers |
| Psychopharmacotherapy | Biomedical treatment with medication - expensive |
| Antianxiety drugs | Relieve tension, apprehension, and nervousness. Valium and Xanax. Creates drowsiness |
| Antipsychotic drugs | Gradually reduce symptoms like hyperactivity, hallucination, delusion. Alters activity in dopamine synapse. Thorazine, merraril, hadrol. creates constipation and dry mouth. |
| Tradive dyskinesia | Extreme side effect of antipsychotic drugs. Chronic tremors and involuntary spastic movements No cure, but can be avoided if stopped early. 20% develop this |
| Antidepressant drugs | Gradually elevate mood and out of depression. Tricyclists (Elavil and MAO inhibitors) and Selective serotonin uptake inhibitors (Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft). |
| Lithium | Used for bipolar disorder. Managed carefully because high dose can be fatal. |
| ECT | Used for depression. Electric shock to induce cortical shock and convulsions. Debated effectiveness, may cause mid to severe memory loss |
| Light exposure | Used to treat SAD with a full spectrum of light |
| Eclecticism | Drawing ideas from two or more systems of therapy (like drug and cognitive) |
| Deinstitutionalization | Transferring treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to community. People with severe problems might have nowhere to go (1/3 homeless) |
Created by:
uriel_magana
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