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PhySci test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 2 components that make up matter | pure substances and mixtures |
| components that make up a pure substance | elements and compounds |
| smallest building block of matter | atom |
| state of matter with a regular pattern of molecules | solid |
| subatomic particle which defines an atom | proton |
| an ion has given up an electron and is now positive | cation |
| an ion receives an electron with a negative charge | anion |
| present day PT is arranged by | increasing the atomic number |
| law says that the chemical properties of elements are periodic functions | Periodic Law |
| is formed when atoms share electrons | diatomic molecule |
| six indicators of a chemical reaction | color change, gas release, temperature change, light, odor release, formation of a precipitate |
| what does the Law of Conservation say about chemical reactions | matter can neither be created nor destroyed |
| atom | basic particle of matter which constructs all other matter |
| chemical change | any change in which a substance alters its composition |
| compound | a pure substance consisting of atoms of two or more elements bonded together |
| element | pure substance that contains only one kind of atom |
| heterogeneous | mixture with individual, distinct substances |
| homogeneous | uniformly blended mixture |
| matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
| mixture | nonchemical blend of two or more substances |
| phase | matter that has different properties from other matter around it |
| phase change | when energy is added to change the state of matter |
| physical change | any change in which the composition of a substance is not altered |
| pure substance | substance that contains only a single element or compound |
| gas | atoms are out of control; is compressible |
| liquid | has flow; molecules move somewhat freely |
| solid | not compressible; molecules are packed together |
| colloid | substance that exists in tow states at the same time |
| plasma | hot ionized gas |
| atomic mass | weighted average of all the isotopes in the element; is the decimal number at the bottom of the element's square |
| mass number | number of protons and neutrons in a nucleu |
| atomic number | number of protons; if the atom is stable, the number of electrons equals the number of protons; is the number in the top left corner of the element's square |
| parts of an atom | nucleus, proton, neutron, electron |
| isotope | an atom with an imbalance of protons and neutrons |
| ion | charged particle |
| periodic table | a table of the chemical elements arranged in order of the atomic number in rows. |
| row | the rows across the PT |
| period or series | names for the rows of the PT |
| group or family | names for the columns of the PT |
| bonding | when two atoms atoms share electrons or an atom takes an electron from another atom |
| covalent bond | occurs when two weak atoms share an electron |
| ionic bond | occurs when the valence electrons are transferred |
| Octet Rule | an atom is most stable when it has eight electrons in the last ring. It may steal or share an electron to attain its ground state |
| Valence electron | an electron in the very last ring |
| electron affinity | the energy that is absorbed or released when atoms acquire an additional electron |
| electronegativity | the ability to attract and hold electrons |
Created by:
mieyebo
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