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ACLS Test 1
Ch. 1-5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| HOW MANY AMERICANS DIE FROM CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE EACH YEAR? | 950,000 |
| WHAT IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF PREMATURE, PERMANENT DISABILITY AMONG WORKING ADULTS? | CORONARY HEART DISEASE |
| NONMODIFIABLE FACTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE | HEREDITY, RACE, GENDER, AGE |
| MODIFIABLE FACTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE | HIGH BP, ELEVATED SERUM CHOLESTEROL LEVELS, TOBACCO USE, DIABETES, PHYSICAL INACTIVITY, OBESITY, METABOLIC SYNDROME |
| NORMAL BP | 120/80 |
| PREHYPERTENSION | 120-139/80-89 |
| STAGE 1 HIGH BP | 140-159/90-99 |
| STAGE 2 HIGH BP | GREATER THAN OR = TO 160/100 |
| QUITTING SMOKING REDUCES THE RISK OF HEART DISEASE BY WHAT % AFTER 1 YEAR | 50% |
| STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT EVEN WHAT % REDUCTION IN BODY WEIGHT REDUCES THE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY | 10% |
| WHAT IS THE BODY MAX INDEX FORMULA | WEIGHT IN LBS / HEIGHT IN INCHES * 704.4 |
| CARDIAC CAUSES OF CARDIAC ARREST | CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (MOST COMMON), DYSRHYTHMIAS, ACUTE MI, VALVULAR HEART DISEASE, CHD, INTRACARDIAC TUMOR |
| NON-CARDIAC CAUSES OF CARDIAC ARREST | PULMONARY EMBOLISM, CHOKING, ASPHYXIA, DRUGS, STROKE, HYPOXIA, ALCOHOLISM |
| CHAIN OF SURVIVAL FOR CARDIAC | EARLY ACCESS, EARLY CPR, EARLY DEFIB, EARLY ACLS |
| COMPONENTS OF BASIC LIFE SUPPORT | RECOGNITION OF SIGNS OF HEART ATTACK, CARDIAC ARREST, STROKE, FBAO, RELIEF OF FBAO, CPR, DEFIB |
| SHOCKABLE RHYTHMS | V-TACH, V-FIB |
| NON-SHOCKABLE RHYTHMS | ASYSTOLE, NO PULSE |
| COMPONENTS OF ADVANCED CARDIAC CARE | BASIC LIFE SUPPORT, ADVANCED AIRWAY MNG, VENTILATION SUPPORT, ECG RECOGNITION, ECG INTERPRETATION, VASCULAR ACCESS AND FLUID RESUSCITATION, DEFIB, SYNCHRONIZED CARDIOVERSION, PACING, MEDS, CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS, STENT INSERTION, ANGIOPLASTY |
| PHASES OF CPR | ELECTRICAL PHASE (FIRST 5 MIN), CIRCULATORY PHASE (5 MIN TO 10-15 MINS), METABOLIC PHASE (AFTER 10-15MIN) |
| WHEN DO YOU REPEAT THE PRIMARY SURVEY | CHANGE IN PT'S CONDITION, INTERVENTIONS NOT WORKING, VITALS UNSTABLE, BEFORE ANY PROCEDURES, CHANGE IN RHYTHM |
| WHAT IS SECONDARY SURVEY | ADANCED AIRWAY, BREATHING, CIRCULATION, DIAGNOSIS, EVALUATE, FACILITATE |
| TYPES OF ADVANCE DIRECTIVES | LIVING WILL, PATIENT SELF DETERMINATION ACT, DURABLE POWER OF ATTORNEY FOR HEALTHCARE |
| DEFINE CARDIAC ARREST | ABSENCE OF CARDIAC MECHANICAL ACTIVITY, NO PULSE, UNRESPONSIVE, ABNEA OR AGONAL BREATHING |
| WHAT DOES THE UPPER AIRWAY CONSIST OF | NASOPHARYNX, OROPHARYNX, LARYNGOPHARYNX |
| NASAL CANULA LITERS AND FIO2 | 1L=24%2L=28%3L=32%4L=36%5L=40%6L=44% |
| SIMPLE MASK LITERS AND FIO2 | 8-10L & 40%-60% |
| THE RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY ORIGINATES FROM | RIGHT SIDE OF THE AORTA |
| LEFT CORONARY ARTERY ORIGINATES FROM | LEFT SIDE OF THE AORTA |
| WHAT IS DEPOLARIZATION | BEFORE A CONTRACTION, GETTING READY TO CONTRACT, PULSELESS ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY |
| POLARIZATION IS | READY STATE |
| DEPOLARIZATION | STIMULATION |
| REPOLARIZATION | RECOVERY |
| THE POSITION OF THE __ ELECTRODE ON THE BODY DETERMINES THE PORTION OF THE HEART "SEEN" BY EACH LEAD | POSITIVE |
| 3 LEADS THAT LOOK AT THE INFERIOR WALL OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE | LEADS 2, 3 AND AVF |
| 2 LEADS THAT LOOK AT THE ANTERIOR WALL OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE | V3 & V4 |
| 4 LEADS THAT LOOK AT THE LATERAL WALL OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE | LEAD 1, AVL, V5, V6 |
| ___ PLANE LEADS VIEW THE HEART AS IF THE BODY WERE SLICED IN HALF | HORIZONTAL/TRANSVERSE |
| ECG PAPER... WHAT SIZE ARE SMALL BOXES | 1MM WIDE AND 1MM HIGH |
| ECG PAPER RECORDS AT A SPEED OF | 25MM/SEC |
| EACH HORIZONTAL UNIT REPRESENTS HOW MANY SEC | .04 SEC OR 1MM |
| A LARGE BOX REPRESENTS | .20 SEC |
| DEFINE WAVEFORM | A MOVEMENT AWAY FROM BASELINE EITHER POS OR NEG |
| DEFINE SEGMENT | A LINE BETWEEN WAVEFORMS |
| DEFINE INTERVAL | A WAVEFORM AND A SEGMENT |
| DEFINE COMPLEX | SEVERAL WAVEFORMS |
| WHAT IS A P WAVE | FIRST WAVE IN CARDIAC CYCLE, ATRIAL DEPOLARIZATION, SMOOTH, ROUNDED AND ABOUT 0.11 SEC |
| WHAT IS QRS COMPLEX | Q IS FIRST AND ALWAYS NEG, R IS POS, S IS NEG, VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION |
| WHAT IS T WAVE | VENTRICULAR REPOLARIZATION, UPRIGHT EXCEPT IN LEAD AVR |
| NEGATIVE (INVERTED) T WAVE = | MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA |
| PEAKED T WAVE = | HYPERKALEMIA |
| LOW AMPLITUDE T WAVES = | HYPOKALEMIA |
| PR INTERVAL MEASURES | 0.12-0.20 SEC |
| ST SEGMENT REPRESENTS | EARLY PART OF REPOLARIZATION OF THE RIGHT AND LEFT VENTRICLES |
| QT INTERVALS REPRESENTS | TOTAL VENTRICULAR ACTIVITY |
| QT MEASURES | 0.36-0.44 SEC |
| PROLONGED QT = | LENGTHENED RELATIVE REFRACTORY PERIOD |
| 3 STEPS TO ASSESS THE RATE ON STRIPS | 6 SEC METHOD, LARGE BOXES, SMALL BOXES |
| STEPS TO ANALYZE A RHYTHM STRIP | ASSESS THE RATE, ASSESS RHYTHM, EXAMINE P WAVES, ASSESS INTERVALS, OVERALL APPEARANCE, INTERPRET |
| CHARACTERISTICS OF SINUS ARRHYTHMIA | RATE= 60-100RHYTHM= IRREGULARP WAVES= UNIFORMPR INTERVAL= CONSTANTQRS DURATION= 0.10 SEC OR LESS |
| CHARACTERISTICS OF SINUS TACHY | RATE= 101-180RHYTHM= REGULARP WAVES= UNIFORMPR INTERVAL= CONSTANTQRS DURATION= 0.10 SEC OR LESS |
| CAUSES OF SINUS TACH | EXERCISE, FEVER, PAIN, FEAR, HYPOXIA, INFECTION, SHOCK, CAFFEINE, NICOTINE |
| HOW IS ATRIAL TACH DIFFERENT FROM SINUS TACH | ATRIAL P WAVES DIFFER IN SHAPE |
| CHARACTERISTICS OF ATRIAL TACHY | RATE=150-250; RHYTHM=REG; P WAVES= DIFFER IN SHAPE; PR INTERVAL=SHORTER OR LONGER, P WAVE MAY BE HIDDEN IN T WAVE; QRS DURATION=0.10 SEC |
| WHAT IS AVNRT | ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODAL REENTRANT TACHYCARDIA |
| CHARACTERISTICS OF AVNRT | RATE=150-250; RHYTHM=NORM; P WAVES=HIDDEN IN QRS; PR INTERV=NOT MEASURED; QRS DUR=0.10 SEC |
| CHARACTERISTICS OF WOLFF-PARKINSON-WHITE SYNDROME | RATE=60-100; |
| HOW DO YOU RECOGNIZE WPW | SHORT PR INTERVAL, DELTA WAVE, WIDENING OF THE QRS |
| WHAT ARE VAGAL MANEUVERS | METHODS USED TO STIMULATE BARORECEPTORS LOCATED IN THE INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERIES AND THE AORTIC ARCH |
| MAT IS MOST OFTEN SEEN IN | SEVERE COPD, HYPOXIA, ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME, DIGOXIN TOXICITY, RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE, THEOPHYLLINE TOXICITY, ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES |
| ATRIAL FLUTTER IS | ECTOPIC, SAW TOOTH |
| CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH A-FLUTTER | HYPOXIA, PULMONARY EMBOLISM, CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE, PNEUMONIA, CARDIAC SURGERY |
| FIRST DEGREE AV BLOCK | P WAVES CONDUCTED BUT DELAYED |
| SECOND DEGREE AV BLOCK | SOME P WAVES CONDUCTED |
| THIRD DEGREE AV BLOCK | NO P WAVES CONDUCTED |
| DEFIB INDICATIONS | PULSELESS VT, VF, SUSTAINED POLYMORPHIC VT |
| WHAT ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT TREATMENTS FOR THE PTS IN CARDIAC ARREST DUE TO PULSELESS VT OR VE | DEFIB AND CPR |
| ENERGY (JOULES)= | AMPS * VOLTS * TIME |
| TRANSTHORACIC RESISTANCE IS ALSO KNOWN AS | IMPEDANCE |
| WHAT FACTORS AFFECT IMPEDANCE | PADDLE SIZE, POSITION, USE OF CONDUCTIVE MATERIAL, PHASE OF PT'S RESPIRATION, PRESSURE, ENERGY |
| INCREASED RESISTANCE = | DECREASED CURRENT DELIVERY |
| CRITICAL RESUSCITATION TASKS | AIRWAY MNG, CHEST COMPRESSIONS, MONITORING AND DEFIB, VASCULAR ACCESS AND MEDS |
| WHAT DO U DO WHEN A "FLAT LINE" IS OBSERVED ON A CARDIAC MONITOR | MAKE SURE POWER IS ON, CHECK CONNECTIONS, MAKE SURE CORRECT LEAD IS SELECTED, TURN UP ECG SIZE ON MONITOR |
| AED OPERATION | TURN ON, ATTACH, ANALYZE, DELIVER |
| SYNCHRONIZED CARDIOVERSION INDICATIONS | UNSTABLE SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHY, UNSTABLE ATRIAL FIB WITH RAPID VENT RESPONSE, UNSTABLE A FLUTTER WITH A RAPID VENT RESPONSE, UNSTABLE WIDE-COMPLEX TACHY, UNSTABLE VT WITH A PULSE |
| DEFIB AND CARDIOVERSION COMPLICATIONS | SKIN BURNS, RISK OF FIRE, MYOCARDIAL DAMAGE, EMBOLIC EPISODES, DYSRHYTHMIAS, INJURY TO OPERATOR |
| DEFIB AND CARDIOVERSWION POSSIBLE ERRORS | TREATING THE MONITOR, NOT THE PATIENT, OPERATOR UNFAMILIAR WITH EQUIPMENT, FAILURE TO PROPERLY MAINTAIN EQUIPMENT |
| TRANSCUTANEOUS PACING INDICATIONS | SYMPTOMATIC BRADY, NARROW QRS THAT DOES NOT RESPOND TO ATROPINE, WIDE QRS BRADY |
| PACEMAKER COMPLICATIONS | COUGHING, SKIN BURNS, PAIN, TISSUE DAMAGE, |
| FAILURE TO PACE | FAILS TO DELIVER AN ELECTRICAL STIMULUS OR WHEN IT FAILS TO DELIVER THE CORRECT NUMB OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATIONS PER MIN. |
| FRAILURE TO CAPTURE (PACE) | INABILITY OF A PACEMAKER STIMULUS TO DEPOLARIZE THE MYOCARDIUM. |
| WHAT FACTORS DO YOU CONSIDER WHEN SELECTING IV SITES | PURPOSE, AMOUNT AND TYPE OF FLUIDS, DURATION, ACCESSIBILITY, SIVE OF VEIN, EXPERIENCE |
Created by:
celina1382
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