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UBC Pharmacology2
Basic Terms/Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Drug | A substance that brings about a change in biological function through its chemical actions. |
| Receptor | Macromolecules that upon binding to a drug mediate biological and physiological change within the organism. |
| 4 classes of receptor | Ion, G-Protein coupled, Membrane bound (enzymatic), and intracellular |
| Agonist | A substance that has both affinity ('binds to') and intrinsic activity ('exerts an effect') at a receptor. |
| Antagonist | A substance that has affinity ('binds to') but lacks intrinsic activity ('does not exert an effect') at a receptor. |
| Competitive Antagonist | Binds to the receptor in a reversible fashion, such that increasing concentrations of an agonist can overcome its effects. |
| Non-competitive Antagonist | Binds to the receptor in an irreversible fashion, such that increasing concentrations of an agonist cannot overcome its effects. |
| Partial Agonist | A substance that has affinity, but less than full intrinsic activity at a given receptor. |
| Inverse Agonist | Have affinity for a receptor but inactivate it upon binding. |
| Chemical Antagonist | A drug may inhibit the actions of another drug by binding it directly (this does not involve a receptor). |
| Physiological Antagonist | A drug that opposes the pharmacological effects of another agent. Ex. Adrenalin |
| Tolerance | Prolonged receptor activation by an agonist may result in the maximal response by a drug being diminished. |
| Tachphylaxis | Tolerance by another name. |
| Law of Mass Action | (Simplified) The more drug that is given, the more receptors that will be bound and the greater the response will be. |
| ED50 | Under a quantal curve, statistically derived single dose of a substance that can be expected to cause a non-lethal effect of a defined size in 50% of a given population of organisms under a defined set of experimental conditions. |
| EC50 | Effective concentration; the dosage at which the desired response is present for 50 percent of the population. |
| Therapeutic Index | the difference between the minimum effective dose and maximum tolerated dose of a drug. The larger the value is, the safer the drug. |
Created by:
jtwalker
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