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Unit 3 Flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many bones make up the human adult skeleton? | 206 (pg. 93) |
| What is the difference between a tubercle and a tuberosity? | A tubercle is a small rounded process for attachment and a tuberosity is a large rounded process for attachment (pg. 93) |
| List the 5 functions of the skeletal system. | Support, Reservoir for minerals, muscle attachment/movement, protection, and hematopoiesis. (pg. 94) |
| Synarthrotic joints are _______________ joints, amphiarthrotic joints are ______________ _____________, and diarthrotic joints are ____________ ___________. | Immovable, partially moveable, freely moveable (pg. 94) |
| What joint permits rotation around a single axis? | Pivot (trochoid) (pg.95) |
| What joint permits a smooth/ sliding motion? | Gliding (plane) (pg. 95) |
| Define arthritis. | Inflammation of a joint, most often accompanied by pain, swelling, stiffness, and/or deformity. (pg. 96) |
| What are the four classifications of bones? | long, short, flat, and irregular (pg. 96) |
| A boxer's fracture involves the distal end of which metacarpals? | fourth and fifth (pg.99) |
| What is the mnemonic for carpal bones? | Some lovers try positions that they can't handle. scaphoid, lunate, triquitrium, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate (pg. 99) |
| What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone? | Scaphoid (pg. 99) |
| What fracture occurs most commonly from an outstretched hand with arm extended? (transverse fx with posterior displacement) | Colles Fracture (pg. 101) |
| Where is the capitulum located? | Lateral aspect of the distal humerus (pg. 101) |
| This is a painful condition caused by prolonged rotary motion of the forearm. | Lateral epicondylitis more commonly known as tennis elbow (pg. 101) |
| This often indicates a radial head or neck fracture on a lateral elbow radiograph. | Sail sign (pg. 103) |
| What bone is usually the last bone to completely fuse at age 22-25 and is one of the most commonly fractured bones in young people? | Clavicle (pg. 105) |
| What is the central ray for a thumb radiograph? | Perpendicular to the Metacarpophalangeal joint (pg. 107) |
| Radial deviation best demonstrates which carpals? | Medial carpals (pisiform, triquetrium, hamate, and medial aspect of capitate, and lunate) (pg. 109) |
| What is seen free of superimposition on a medial (internal) oblique view of the elbow? | Coronoid process (pg. 110) |
| For a s shoulder radiograph external rotation shows the ___________ tubercle in profile and internal rotation shows the ______________ tubercle in profile? | Greater, Lesser (pg. 111) |
| What is the central ray for a Grashey Method? | Perpendicular ray to 2" medial and 2" inferior to superior and lateral shoulder (pg. 111) |
| What is the central ray for an AP Scapula Radiograph? | Perpendicular to midscapula approx. 2" inferior to coracoid process (pg. 113) |
| What are the seven tarsal bones? | Calcaneus, Talus, Navicular, Cuboid, First (medial) cuneiform, Second (intermediate) cuneiform, Third (lateral) cuneiform (pg. 114) |
| How many phalanges are in a foot? | 14 (pg. 114) |
| An inversion sprain of the ankle with ligament injury resulting in subtalar joint instability? | Sinus tarsi syndrome (pg. 114) |
| What is the first great toe sometimes referred to? | Hallux (pg. 115) |
| These bones are small, smooth bones, formed in tendons. | Sesamoid (pg. 115) |
| This provides attachment for the cartilaginous menisci of the knee joint? | Tibial plateau (pg. 117) |
| What is the largest sesamoid bone? | Patella (pg. 118) |
| What is the longest and strongest bone in the body? | Femur (pg. 119) |
| Define avascular necrosis. | Where there is a disturbance of the fovea capitis femoris or disruption of the nutrient arteries supplying the femoral neck. (pg. 120) |
| How do most pelvic fractures occur? | Trauma (pg. 123) |
| The pubic angle for a normal male pelvis is ___________ than 90 degrees. | less (pg. 123) |
| What is the central ray for an AP (dorsoplantar) foot? | Perpendicular or 10 degree toward heel to base of the third metatarsal (pg. 124) |
| How much rotation of the ankle is needed to demonstrate the ankle mortise? | 15-20 degrees medially (pg. 127) |
| Where should the central ray be directed on an AP knee radiograph? | 1/2 " below the patellar apex (pg. 129) |
| How much rotation of the femur needs to occur for an AP femur radiograph? | 15 degrees internally (pg. 130) |
| How much should an IR be tilted back for the Clements-Nakayama position? | 15-20 Degrees (pg. 131) |
| What is the central ray for the Danelius-Miller axiolateral inferosuperior position? | Perpendicular to the femoral neck and grid (pg. 131) |
| Where should the Central ray be located for an AP Pelvis? | Perpendicular to the midline at a level 2" above the greater trochanter, the top of the IR should be 1-2" above iliac crest (pg. 132) |
| A contrast exam performed to evaluate soft-tissue joint structures is called? | Arthrography (pg. 134) |
| This type of fracture is when the fractured end of the bone has penetrated skin, also considered open? | Compound (pg. 135) |
| This fracture occurs in the proximal third of ulnar shaft with anterior dislocation of the radial head? | Monteggia (pg. 135) |
| This is when a small bony fragment pulled from bony prominence as a result of forceful pull of attached ligament or tendon, also considered chip fracture? | Avulsion (pg. 135) |
| This fracture usually only occurs in children and infants? | Greenstick (pg. 135) |
| For osteoporosis, Rickets, and arthritis what would you do to the exposure factors? | decrease (pg. 135) |
| Where is a Jones fracture located? | Base of the fifth metatarsal (pg. 137) |
| How many bones compromise the vertebral column on most people? | 33 (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 (fused) sacral, 4 (fused) coccyx) (pg. 138) |
| This is when there is an exaggerated thoracic curve in the back? | Kyphosis (hunchback) (pg. 138) |
| Which cervical spinous process is not bifid? | C7 (pg. 141) |
| How much CR angle should there be for an AP Cervical Spine? | 15-20 Degrees cephalic to thyroid cartilage (pg. 142) |
| For an oblique cervical (RAO/LAO) spine which side best visualizes the intervertebral foramina? | The side that is closest to the IR. Good to note that for RPO/LPO positioning it is the foramina farthest from the IR. (pg. 142) |
| To use the anode heel effect advantage where would you place the cathode end of the tube for a thoracic lateral spine radiograph? | Over the lower spine (fat-cat) (pg. 145) |
| On a scotty dog what part of the lumbar spine represents the front leg? | Inferior articular process (pg. 147) |
| What ribs are considered true ribs? | 1-7 because the articulate with thoracic vertebrae and the sternum (pg. 151) |
| For a PA oblique sternum what position would you place the patient. | 15-20 degree RAO, for thinner patient more oblique degree needed. (pg. 151) |
| What is the average-shaped skull named? | mesocephalic (pg. 153) |
| Name the 8 cranial bones. | Frontal (1), Parietal (2), Temporal (2), Occipital (1), Ethmoid (1), Sphenoid (1) (pg. 155) |
| Name the 14 facial bones. | Nasal (2), Lacrimal (2), Palatine (2), Inferior Nasal Conchae (2), Zygomatic (2), Maxillae (2), Vomer (1), Mandible (1) (pg. 157) |
| What is the smallest of facial bones? | Lacrimal (pg. 159) |
| Where is the vomer located? | Inferior to perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone (pg. 160) |
| Where is the central ray centered for an AP axial (Towne) position for TMJ's? | 30 degrees caudad and entering about 3 inches above the nasion (pg. 167) |
| Why is it important to include the costophrenic angles on all chest radiographs? | Common site for pleural effusion (pg. 174) |
| What are the layers of the meninges from superficial to deep? | Subarachnoid space, arachnoid mater, and pia mater (pg. 204) |
Created by:
bulanowski
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