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PathoPharm Exam 3
HTN, Osteoporosis, Arthritis, Gout Prototype drugs
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Thiazide (Hydrochlorothiaizde) | -Diuretic -Treats HTN -Blocks reabsorption of sodium and chloride and prevents the reabsorption of water -1st thing in morning -Monitor k+ -Urinary potassium loss |
| Potassium-Sparing (spironolactone) | -Diuretic (modest) -Treats HTN -reduce blood volume by blocking aldosterone receptors -promotes excretion of sodium and water -Do not cause k+ depletion -Possibility or retaining too much potassium |
| Loop (furosemide) | -Diuretic (extensive)--> greater decrease in BP -Treats HTN -Block reabsorption of sodium and chloride, and prevents reabsorption of water -Emergent use not maintenance -Ototoxic -Hypokalemia and dehydration |
| Enalapril (vasotec) | -Drug for HTN and heart failure -ACE inhibitor -Prolonged half-life -reduces angiotensin II and aldosterone levels -1st dose phenomenon -PRIL cough -Angioedema, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis -BLACK BOX WARNING |
| Lisinopril (prinivil, Zestril) | -Drug for HTN and heart failure -ACE inhibitor -acts by inhibiting ACE and decreasing aldosterone -takes 2-3 weeks -PRIL cough -rash, hyperkalameia |
| Losartan | -Drug for HTN -Angiotensin II receptor blockers -Vasodilation and excretion of sodium + water -Angioedema |
| Nifedipine (Adalat CC, Procardia XL) | -Drug for HTN and angina -Calcium channel blocker -less o2 utilization by heart -admin alert for impending MI or within 2 weeks following MI -reflex tachycardia -TX of overdose: Vasopressors |
| Clonidine | -Drug for HTN -Alpha2-adrenergic agonists -Act within CNS -rebound HTN if discontinued abruptly -take at bedtime -sedation, dry mouth |
| Doxazosin (cardura) | -Drug for HTN -Alpha1-adrenergic blocker -Dilates arteries and veins -1st dose phenomenon somnolence, headache, asthenia, dyspnea, dizziness |
| Metoprolol + Atenolol | -Drug for HTN -Beta1- adrenergic blockers -do not abruptly discontinue(rebound myocardial excitement) -bradycardia |
| Metoprolol (lopressor, Toprol XL) | -Drug for HTN and heart failure -Beta-adrenergic blocker -reduces sympathetic stimulation of heart -bradycardia, abnormal sexual function, insomnia -interactions w/ Digoxin, alcohol, or antihypertensives BLACK BOX WARNING-->abrupt withdrawal |
| Hydralazine (Apresoline) | -Drug for HTN and heart failure -Direct-acting vasodilator -TX of hypertensive emergency -Abrupt withdrawal=rebound HTN and anxiety -reflex tachycardia, palpitations, n/d, sodium+fluid retention -Contraindicated in cardiac problems |
| Digoxin (lanoxin) | -Drug for heart failure -Cardiac glycoside -positive inotropic force action, inhibiting Na+-K+ ATPase -Monitor digoxin levels(<1.8 ng/mL) -Dysrhythmias, n/v, anorexia, visual problems -older adults, renal impairment -Interaction: diuretics andACE |
| Milrinone (Primacor) | -Drug for heart failure -Phosphodiesterase inhibitor -Short-term therapy of advanced HF -IV -Ventricular dysrhythmias, n/v -contraindicated in pre-existing dysrhythmias |
| Methotrexate | -Antirheumatic drug -DMARD -bone marrow suppression, hepatic toxicity, GI ulcerations -Notify provider if signs of infection of GI ulcerations LABS -W/ food or full glass of water -can take 3-6 weeks -Pregnancy X |
| Hydroxychloroquine (plaquenil) | -Antirheumatic drug -DMARD -relieves severe inflammation (often given w/salicylates or corticosteroids) -same time everyday w/ milk -GI disturbances, hair loss, Ocular effects |
| Allopurinol | -Antigout agent -xanthine Oxidase inhibitor -Inhibit uric acid production-->chronic gout -2-3 L of fluids and monitor I&O -W/ food -Avoid food high in purine(red meat, scallops) -Kidney injury, hepatitis, N/V |
| Colchicine | -Antigout drug -Anti-inflammatory agent -Pt who doesn't respond to safer agents -acute attacks for people with chronic gout -W/ food and antidiarrheal agent PRN -GI toxicity, bone marrow suppression, muscle pain/tenderness |
| Raloxifene (evista) | -Drug for osteoporosis prevention -SERM -Act through estrogen receptor(pregnancyX) -Consume vitamin D and calcium -Perform weight bearing exercises -hot flashes, leg cramps, weight gain -BLACK BOX-risk for thromboembolism and stroke |
| Calcitonin- Salmon | -Drug for osteoporosis -Calcitonin -Inhibit activity of osteoClast -Nasal spray(alternate nostrils) -Monitor bone density scan -Diet high in calcium and vitamin D |
| Alendronate (Fosamax) | -Drug for osteoporosis -Bisphosphonate -Lower ALP(enzyme associated w/ bone turnover) -Empty stomach w/ full glass water 2hr before breakfast -upright position 30 min after admin -1-3 months -GI--> n/v/d, flatulence, abdomen pain... |
| Calcitriol | -Vitamin D (active form) -Bone resorption inhibitor -hypercalcemia--> weakness, confusions, anorexia, n/v |
| Calcium Salts | -Calcium supplement -Hypocalcemia agent -oral w/ meals or within 1 hr following meals w/ full glass water -hypercalcemia, lethargy, n/v, renal stones, extravasation |
Created by:
j.saltzman13
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