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Earth, Sun, and Moon
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Astronomy | the study of the moon, starts, and other objects in space. |
| axis | an imaginary line that passes through Earth’s center and the North and South poles, abour which Earth rotates. |
| rotation | the spinning motion of a planet on its axis. |
| revolution | the movement of an object around another object. |
| orbit | the path of an object as it revolves around another object in space. |
| solstice | the two days of the year on which the sun reaches its greatest distance north or south of the equator. |
| equinox | the two days of the year on which neither hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the sun. |
| Gravity | the force that pulls objects toward each other. |
| Law of Universal Gravitation | the scientific law that states that every object in the universe attracts every other object. |
| Mass | a measure of how much matter is in an object's. |
| Weight | a measure of the force of gravity on an object. |
| Inertia | the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion. |
| Newton’s First Law of Motion | the scientific law that states that an object at rest stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion with a constant speed and direction unless acted on by a force. |
| Phase | one of the different apparent shapes of the moon as seen from Earth. |
| Eclipse | the partial or total blocking of one object in space by another. |
| Solar Eclipse | the blocking of sunlight to Earth that occurs when the moon is directly between the sun and Earth. |
| Umbra | darkest part of a shadow. |
| Penumbra | the part of a shadow surrounding the darkest part. |
| Lunar Eclipse | blocking of sunlight to the moon that occurs when Earth is directly between the moon and the sun. |