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chs 9-11,14
intro to psych
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| smoking during pregnancy | stops oxygen flow to child and lowers birth weight and heart rate |
| neonatal visual range | can clearly see faces and objects up to 8-10 inches |
| visual cliff test | measures depth perception |
| gender constancy | realization that gender does not change with age |
| gender role awareness | knowledge of expected behaviors of males and females |
| gender identity | girl knows she's a girl; boy knows he's a boy |
| gender stereotype | general belief about characteristics that men and women are presumed to have |
| imaginary audience | adolescent's delusion that they are constantly observed by others |
| transition from dependence | stable sense of self allows independence |
| midlife crisis | radical change experienced by adults in response to a lack of fulfillment |
| late adulthood lifestyle | reduced social involvement and lower activity levels are more satisgying than staying at home |
| stages of dying | denial anger bargaining depression acceptance |
| Sigmund Freud | best known and most influential psychodynamic theorist |
| superego | moral watchdog over personality and psychosexual stages |
| Carl Rogers | unconditional positive regard |
| unconditional positive regard | full acceptance and love regardless of one's behavior |
| Eysenck definition of psychoticism | describes people characterized by insensitivity and uncooperativeness at one end and warmth, tenderness, and helpfulness at the other end |
| Erik Erikson | adults 25 to 60 need to establish a sense of generativity by remaining productive and creative |
| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) | uses interpretation of picture to understand personality |
| Rorschach Test | uses ambiguous inkblots to understand personality |
| cognitive social learning | the way people think about, act on, and respond to their environment |
| mental process | center of personality |
| Oedipus complex | boy's sexual attachment to mother and jealosy of father |
| stress | experienced in pleasant and unpleasant situations |
| conflict | the need to choose between two incompatible demands |
| Kurt Lewin | avoidance/ avoidance conflict theory |
| avoidance/ avoidance conflict | theory of being repelled by two undesirable choices, with potential urge to escape |
| most effective way to cope | compromise goals during conflict |
| defensive coping | denial and displacement |
| denial | refusal to accept a painful or threatening reality |
| displacement | shifting repressed motives and emotions from original object to substitute object |
| frustration | caused by delays, lack of resources, losses and failures |
| PTSD | episodes of anxiety, sleeplessness, and nightmares resulting from some disturbing past event |
| coronary heart disease | anger, hostility, and depression increase risk |
| general adaption syndrome | Hans Seyle adapted three stages of alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion |
| fight or flight response | release of stress hormones in a dangerous situation causing increase in heart rate, blood pressure, respiration and perspiration |
| type A | respond to life events with hostility, urgency, and impatience |
| type B | respond to life events with a laidback, easygoing approach |
| percent of deaths related to human behavior | fifty |
| prejudice | more associated with attitude |
| discrimination | more associated with behavior |
| collectivist versus individualist cultures | more likely to help others in minor and urgent situations |
| more bystanders | less likely that person in need will be helped |
| altruism | helping others without expecting anything in return |
| conformity | voluntary yielding to social norms, even at the expense of personal preference |
| compliance | to change behaviors at someone's request |
| personal contact | the most effective method of changing someone's opinion |
| frustration aggression | theory that frustrated people turn anger from proper target to target that is safer to attack |
| unfair relationship | giver feels cheated and gainer feels guilty |
| discrimination | unfair act taken toward an entire group of people or individual members of that group |
| self-serving bias | to flip the results to complement yourself for efforts you did not invest |
| small group size | more productive |
Created by:
selfstudy08
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