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8th ELA GMAS Vocab.
Vocabulary for 8th Grade ELA GA Milestones Assessment Standards
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Active Voice | When the subject of the sentence is the doer of the action in the sentence (e.g., The man kicked the can). |
| Passive Voice | When the subject of the sentence receives the action of the verb (e.g., The man was struck by lightning). |
| Point of View | The narrator’s perspective from which the events are depicted (e.g., first-person, third-person, etc.). The vantage point from which a story is told. |
| Dramatic Irony | The use of a word or phrase to mean the exact opposite of its literal or usual meaning; incongruity between the actual result of a sequence of events and the expected result. |
| Theme | A topic of discussion or work; a major idea broad enough to cover the entire scope of a literary work. A theme may be stated or implied. Clues to the theme may be found in the prominent and/or recurring ideas in a work. |
| Figurative Language | Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling. |
| Allusions | An implied or indirect reference in literature to a familiar person, place, or event. |
| Simile | A comparison of two unlike things in which a word of comparison (like or as) is used (e.g., The ant scurried as fast as a cheetah). |
| Metaphor | The comparison of two unlike things in which no words of comparison (like or as) are used (e.g., The speech gave me food for thought). |
| Personification | An object or abstract idea given human qualities or human form (e.g., Flowers danced about the lawn). |
| Onomatopoeia | A word that phonetically imitates, resembles or suggests the source of the sound that it describes. (e.g., Oink, Bam, Smash, Drip, Meow, Pow, Woof) |
| Hyperbole | An exaggeration or overstatement (e.g., I had to wait forever). |
| Puns | A humorous way of using a word or phrase so that more than one meaning is suggested (e.g., The best way to communicate with fish is to drop them a line). |
| Idioms | An expression that is peculiar to itself grammatically and cannot be understood from the individual meanings of its elements (e.g., raining cats and dogs). |
| Implicit | Understood but not plainly or directly expressed. (e.g., She implicitly said she likes white shoes by stating that she likes all colors but tan. |
| Explicit | Clearly expressed or fully stated in the actual text. |
| Indicative Mood | The form a verb takes in sentences that make a statement. |
| Imperative Mood | The form a verb takes in sentences that express a command, request, or permission; known as the understood you, the subject of a sentence in the imperative mood is usually omitted (e.g., Read the report). |
| Interrogative Mood | The form a verb takes in sentences that asks a question. |
| Conditional Mood | The form a verb takes in sentences that indicating a conditional state that will cause something else to happen (e.g., The bomb might explode if I jiggle that switch) |
| Subjunctive Mood | The property of a verb that expresses an action or state not as a reality but as something that could happen or be imagined. |
| Ellipsis | An omission of an element from a quoted passage; the omission is indicated by three spaced periods called ellipsis points. |
| Dash | A punctuation mark (—) used to set off nonrestrictive/parenthetical elements that require special emphasis; it is also used to indicate a sudden break in a sentence. |
| Connotation | The range of associations that a word or phrase suggests in addition to its dictionary meaning (e.g., slender/thin/scrawny) |
| Denotation | The direct or dictionary meaning of a word. |
| Tone | The attitude of the author toward the audience, the characters, the subject, or the work itself (e.g., serious, humorous). |
| Argument | The position or claim the writer establishes. Arguments should be supported with valid evidence, and reasoning may be balanced by the inclusion of counterarguments to illustrate opposing viewpoints. |
| Claim | The thesis statement or main point that forms the basis for an argument within a text. |
| Inference | A judgment based on reasoning rather than on a direct or explicit statement. A conclusion based on facts or circumstances; understanding gained by “reading between the lines.” |
| Central Idea | The unifying element of a piece of a text. |
| Objective | Not influenced by personal feelings or interpretations; unbiased; based on facts. |
| Subjective | Based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions |
| Gerunds | The present participle (—ing) form of a verb used as a noun (e.g., Running is my favorite form of exercise). |
| Participles | Verbals that function as adjectives; they are formed by the present participle or past participle of the verb (e.g., a swinging gate, a known quantity). |
| Verbals | A form of a verb used as an adjective, adverb, or noun; there are three verbals: infinitives, gerunds, and participles. |
| Infinitives | The word to plus the base form of a verb; can function as a verbal, modifying nouns, pronouns, adjectives, or adverbs. |
| Alliteration | The repetition of initial sounds in neighboring words. |
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curtismc
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