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Cells
vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell Membrane | A protective layer that covers a cell's surface and acts as a barrier. Outer membrane controls movement in and out of cell. Has double layer-barrier |
| Organelles | Small Bodies in a cell's cytoplasm that are specialized to perform a specific function. |
| Cytoplasm | The region enclosed by the cell membrane that includes the fluid and the organelles of the cell. |
| Nucleus | The center of a cell that contains the DNA in eukaryotic cells. Directs cell activities and is separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane. |
| Prokaryotic | No nucleus, DNA in the cytoplasm, circular DNA. Examples: bacteria, & yeast |
| Eukaryotic | Nucleus contains DNA, linear DNA, Examples: animal & plant cell, fungi. |
| Bacteria | 1st cells on Earth, singles cell (unicellular), prokaryotic |
| Cell | The smallest functional & structural unit of all living organisms. |
| Tissue | A group of similar cells that perform a common function. Animal: nervous, epithetical, connective, & muscle. Plant: transport, protective, & ground. |
| Organ | A structure made of a collection of tissues that carries out a specialized function. Animal ex: stomach, eye, kidney, lungs. Plant ex: stems, leaves, roots. |
| Organ System | A group of organs working together to perform body functions. Examples: digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system. |
| Organism | A living thing that can carry out life processes by itself. |
| Cytoskeleton | A web of proteins that give shape and support to the cell throughout the cytoplasm. |
| Three things only in Plant cells | Cell wall, Chloroplast, large central vacuole |
| ER | assists in the production, processing, & transport of the proteins and the production of lipids. |
| Cell Wall | A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane that supports and protects plant cells. |
| Mitochondria | Produces energy through chemical reactions-breaking down fats into carbohydrates-powerhouse of the cell. Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, & carbohydrates. Double membrane, inner membrane folded, contains own DNA. |
| Ribosomes | Thousands found in a single cell floating in the ER and throughout the cell. Make proteins. |
| Lysosomes | Digestive "plant" for proteins, fats, & carbohydrates that transports undigested materials out of the cell for removal. Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes. |
| Vacuole | Membrane bound sacs for storage, digestion, & waste removal that contains a water solution & helps plants maintain shape. |
| Chloroplasts | Usually found in plant cells that contains green chlorophyll. This is where photosynthesis takes place. |
| Nucleolus | Inside the nucleus that contains RNA to build proteins |
| Golgi complex | A protein "packaging plant" that moves materials within and out of the cell. |
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23jm8714
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