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Chapter 11
Understanding Psychology by Richard A. Kasschau, Ph.D.
Question | Answer |
---|---|
thinking | changing and reorganizing the information stored in memory to create new information |
image | a visual, mental representation of an event or object |
symbol | an abstract unit of thought that represents an object or quality |
concept | a label for a class of objects or events that have at least one attribute in common |
prototype | a representative example of a concept |
rule | a statement of relation between concepts |
metacognition | the awareness of one's own cognitive processes |
algorithm | a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem |
heuristic | a rule-of-thumb problem-solving strategy |
mental set | a habitual strategy or pattern of problem solving |
functional fixedness | the inability to imagine new functions for familiar objects |
creativity | the capacity to use information and/or abilities in a new and original way |
flexibility | the ability to overcome rigidity |
recombination | rearranging the elements of a problem to arrive at an original solution |
insight | the apparent sudden realization of the solution to a problem |
language | the expression of ideas through symbols and sounds that are arranged according to rules |
phoneme | an individual sound that is a basic structural element of language |
morpheme | the smallest unit of meaning in a given language |
syntax | language rules that govern how words can be combined to form meaningful phrases and sentences |
semantics | the study of meaning in language |