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Chapter 11
Understanding Psychology by Richard A. Kasschau, Ph.D.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| thinking | changing and reorganizing the information stored in memory to create new information |
| image | a visual, mental representation of an event or object |
| symbol | an abstract unit of thought that represents an object or quality |
| concept | a label for a class of objects or events that have at least one attribute in common |
| prototype | a representative example of a concept |
| rule | a statement of relation between concepts |
| metacognition | the awareness of one's own cognitive processes |
| algorithm | a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem |
| heuristic | a rule-of-thumb problem-solving strategy |
| mental set | a habitual strategy or pattern of problem solving |
| functional fixedness | the inability to imagine new functions for familiar objects |
| creativity | the capacity to use information and/or abilities in a new and original way |
| flexibility | the ability to overcome rigidity |
| recombination | rearranging the elements of a problem to arrive at an original solution |
| insight | the apparent sudden realization of the solution to a problem |
| language | the expression of ideas through symbols and sounds that are arranged according to rules |
| phoneme | an individual sound that is a basic structural element of language |
| morpheme | the smallest unit of meaning in a given language |
| syntax | language rules that govern how words can be combined to form meaningful phrases and sentences |
| semantics | the study of meaning in language |
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