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Pharmacy Technician
Hormone Drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are thyroid hormones used for? | Regulation of many physiological processes including protein synthesis glucose and carbohydrate metabolism, energy storage, lipid metabolism, nervous system development, and body temperature regulation. They also treat thyroid deficiency (hypothyroidism). |
| What are the common side effects of thyroid hormones? | *Too high of a dose can mimic hyperthyroidism *Overdose can result in heart palpitations, abdominal pain, nausea, anxiousness, confusion, agitation, insomnia, weight loss, and increased appetite. |
| What are Levothyroxine (Synthroid) and Thyroglobulin (Proloid) examples of? | Thyroid hormones |
| What do Anti-thyroid hormones do? | Treat over-secretion of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroid) |
| How do anti-thyroid hormones work? | Interfere with thyroid hormone production |
| What are Methimazoe (Tapazole) and Propylthiourcil (PTU) examples of? | Anti-thyroid hormones |
| What do emergency contraceptive pills (ECP's) do? | *Not an abortion pill *Works earlier than implantation to stop fertilization before conception |
| What are the ECP's called that are used within 72 hours of unprotected sex? | Progestin-only (Plan B) |
| What are the ECP's called that are a selective progesterone modulator? | Ulipristal Acetate |
| Wat are the ECP's called that are for emergency contraception within 120 hours or 5 days after unprotected sex? | SPRM |
| What are vaginal rings used for? | Contraception |
| Which type of vaginal ring is a low does estradiol-releasing ring, manufactured from silicone elastomer, for the treatment of vagina atrophy? | Estring |
| Which type of vaginal ring is a low does of estradiol-acetate releasing ring, manufactured from silicone elstomer, for the relief of hot flashes and vaginal atrophy associated with menopause? | Femring |
| Which vaginal ring is a low dose contraceptive vaginal ring, manufactured from ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers and magnesium stearate, and releasing etonogestrel (a progesterone) ethinyl estradiol (an estrogen)? | NuvaRing |
| What do corticosteroids do? | *Inflammation *Asthma *Cancer *Hypoadrenalism |
| Which class of hormone drugs are secreted by adrenal glands? | Corticosteroids |
| What are the side effects of corticosteroids? | *Stomach upset (take with food or milk_ *Water retention *Increased appetite *Agitation *Suppression of the body's production of cortisol |
| What are Methylprednisolone (Medral), Prednisolone (Prelone), and Dexamethasone (Desadron) examples of? | Oral Prednisone (Deltasone- Corticosteriods |
| What are Hydrocortisone (Cortaid), Triamcinalone (Kenalog), and Cortisone (Cortone) examples of? | Topical Steroids- Corticosteroids |
| What are Beclomethasone dipropionate (Qvar), Budesonide (Pulmicort), and Fluticasone propionate (Flovent) examples of? | Inhaled steroids- Corticosteroids |
| What is insulin used for? | *Produced by pancreas by Beta cells *Reptenishes insulin in patients with Type I or Type II Diabetes |
| How does insulin work? | *Facilitates the utilization and storage of glucose *Type I- Does not produce any insulin; requires daily injections *Type II- Does not produce enough insulin to allow glucose utilization |
| What is the common side effect of insulin? | Hypoglycemia |
| What is regular insulin? | Over the Counter- fast acting |
| What is NPH (isophane) insulin? | Over the Counter- Intermediate acting |
| What is Semilente insulin? | Over the Counter- rapid acting |
| What is Ultralente insulin? | Over the Counter- long acting |
| What is Humalog insulin? | Legend- fast acting |
| What is Lantus insulin? | Legend- long acting/ once daily |
| What is Levemir insulin? | Legend- Man made, long acting and provides up to 24 hours of blood sugar control |
| What is U-100 insulin? | Contains 100 units per mL |
| What are oral hypoglycemics used for? | Manages type II diabetes |
| How do oral hypoglycemics work? | *Promotes insulin release from Beta Cells of the pancreas *Increase insulin sensitivity *Better use of glucose by cells |
| What are the side effects of oral hypoglycemics? | *Hypoglycemia *Photo-sensitivity *Skin rash *AVOID ALCOHOL |
| What is Sulfanylureas? | Oral hypoglycemic- promotes insulin realease |
| What are Tolbutamide (Orinase), Acetohexamide (Dymelor), and Tolazamide (Tolinase) examples of? | Oral hypoglycemic- first- generation agents |
| what are Glipizide (Glucontrol) and Glyburide (Diabeta) examples of? | Oral hypoglycemic- second generation agents |
| What are oxytocics? | -Hormones secreted by pituitary gland, stimulates contraction of uterine smooth muscle *Relief from breast enlargement during lactation and control of post-partum bleeding *Some Ergot Alkaloids are used to treat migraines |
| What are the side effects of oxytocics? | *Nausea/ vomiting *Dizziness *Increased blood pressure *CP |
| What are Oxytocin (Pitocin) and Ergonovine (Ergotrate) examples of? | Oxytocics |
| What are progestins? | -Female hormones secreted by the corpus luteum also cause growth of mammary ducts and prevention of uterine bleeding during pregnancy *Hormone replacement (menopause) *Contraception |
| What are the side effects of progestins? | *Breast changes *Changes in weight |
| What is Medroxyprogesterone (Cycrin, Provera)? | Progestin- Hormone replacement |
| What are Norethindrone (Nor-QD) and Norgestrel (Ovrette) examples of? | Progestin- oral contraceptives (progestin only products) |
| What are antihistamines used for? | *Allergies *Rashes *Hay fever *Motion sickness *Nausea *Dizziness *H2 antagonists used to treat ulcers and reflux disease |
| How do antihistamines work? | Inhibits the action of histamine |
| What are the side effects of antihistamines? | *Drowsiness *CNS depression *Anticholinergic effects |
| What are sedating antihistamines (type I)? | Completely antagonize histamine at the H1 receptor (block histamine); they cross the blood- brain barrier, making them a CNS drug |
| What is Diphehydramine (Benadryl) and what is it used for? | Sedating antihistamine- treats allergies |
| What is Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-trimeton) and what is it used for? | Sedating antihistamine- treats allergies, rash, and hay fever |
| What is Hydroxyzine (Atarax, Vistaril) and what is it used for? | Sedating antihistamine- treats itching, allergies, motion sickness induced nausea, insomnia, and mild anxiety |
| What is Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) and what is it used for? | Sedating antihistamine- treats nausea and motion sickness |
| What is Meclizine (Antivery, Bonine, Dramamine II) and what is it used for? | Sedating antihistamine- treats vertigo |
| What are Promethazzine (Phenergan) and Prochlorperazine (Compazine) and what are they used for? | Sedating antihistamine- antiemetic (stops vomiting) |
| What are non-sedating antihistamines (type I)? | Do not cross blood-brain barrier; no sedation |
| What are Loratadine (Claritin), Fexofenadine (Allegra), Cetirazine (Zyrtec) and what are they used for? | Non-sedating antihistamines- used for allergies and rashes |
| What are Clariin D (OTC) (Pseudophedrine) and what can it cause? | 'D'econgestant- may cause heart palpitations and increased blood pressure |
| What are non sedating antihistamines (Type II)? | Competitive blockers of histamine at the H2 receptors, those in the stomach used to treat ulcers, reflux disease, and heartburn |
| What are Cimetidine (Tagamet), Ranitidine (Zantac), Famotidine (Pepcid), and Nizatidine (Axid)? | Over the Counter non-sedating antihistamines (Type II) |
| What are proton pump inhibitors (PPI'S)? | *Not H2 receptor or antihistamine *Long-lasting reduction of gastric acid *The most potent inhibitors of acid secretion today *Inhibits histamine *Dyspesia (indigestion) *Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) *GERD *Prevents stress gastritis |
| How do proton pump inhibitors work? | Block enzyme system of gastric cells that secrete gastric acid. The proton pump is the terminal stage in gastric secretion |
| What are the side effects of proton pump inhibitors? | *Headache *Nausea *Diarrhea *Abdominal pain *Dizziness |
| What is Omeprazole (Prilosec)? | Proton pump inhibitor- 40 mg is legend, 20 mg is OTC |
| What is Lansoprazole (Prevacid)? | Proton pump inhibitor- OTC |
| What is Dexlansoprazole (Kapidex)? | Proton pump inhibitor- legend |
| What is Esameprazole (Nexium)? | Proton pump inhibitor- legend |
| What is Pantoprazole (Protonix)? | Proton pump inhibitor- legend |
| What is Rabeprazole (Aciphex)? | Proton pump inhibitor- legend |
| What are prostaglandin antagonist used for? | *Arthritis *Minor pain *Fever *Inflammation |
| How do prostaglandin antagonists work? | Inhibit or reverse the actions of prosaglandins by blocking Cox-1 and Cox-2 enzymes |
| What are the side effects of prostaglandin antagonists? | *Ulcers *Kidney damage |
| What are NSAIDS? | Prostaglandin antagonists- (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) |
| What are Aspirin (Anacin, Bayer, Bufferin, and Ecatrin), Ibuprofen (Motrin), Naproxen (Naprosyn), Ketorolac Tromethamine (Toradol), and Cox-2 selective drugs (Celecocib or Celebrex) examples of? | Prostaglandin antagonists- NSAIDS |
| What are prostaglandins? | *NSAID ulcer prevention *Abortifacient (abortion) |
| What are Misoprostol (Cytotec), Dinoprostone (Prostin E2), and Alprostadil (MUSE) examples of? | Prostaglandins |
| What are androgens? | Male hormones secreted by the testes, respinsible for male characteristic sexual changes in men (sex organ development, hairg rowth, muscle development, deep voice) |
| What are androgens used for? | *Testosterone deficiency (hormone replacement) *Muscle wasting (severely anemic and cancer patients) |
| What are the side effects of androgens? | Masculinizing effects |
| What are Fluoxymesterone (Halotestin, Androxyl I), Testosterone (Androderm), Methyltestosterone examples of? | Androgen |
| What are estrogens? | Female hormones, secreted by ovaries, responsible for female sexual characteristics (breasts, body fat distribution, sex organ development, and menstruation) |
| What are estrogens used for? | *Hormone replacement (menopause) *Decrease Heart Problems *Prevent Osteoporosis *Contraception *Cancer chemotherapy |
| What are the side effects of estrogens? | *Headaches *Blood clots |
| What are Conjugated Estrogens (Premarin), Conjugated Estrogens (Enjuvia and Cenestin)? | Estrogens- hormone replacement- made synthetically with plants |
| What are Ethinyl Etradial (Estinyl) and Estropiate (Ogen) examples of? | Estrogens- hormone replacement |
| What are monophasic oral contraceptives? | Fixed does of estrogen and progestin throughout cycle |
| What are Lo-Ovral, Demulin, Laestrin, Ovran, Levlen, Nordette, and Yasmin examples of? | Estrogens- oral contraceptives-monophasic |
| What are biphasic oral contraceptives? | Estroen is the same for 21 days, increased progestin for first half of cycle and decreased for second half |
| What are Ortho-Navum 10/11 and Necon 10/11 examples of? | Estrogens- oral contraceptives- biphasic |
| What are triphasic estrogens? | Estrogen remains the same or varies and progestin varies |
| What are Ortho Novum 7/7/7, Triphasil, and Ortho Tri-cyclen examples of? | Estrogens- oral contraceptives- triphasic |
| What are 4-phasic oral contraceptives? | Offers 4 progestin/estrogen dosing combinations during each 28 day cycle |
| What are Natazia and Quartette examples of? | Estrogens- oral contraceptives- 4-phasic |
Created by:
Martinafulgieri
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