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WGU Ethics Mod. 4
WGU Ethics terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an organized system of beliefs regarding the spiritual or metaphysical world, generally offering a moral code, and a philosophy of life. | Religion |
| What melds and fuses beliefs from other religious traditions into its own theology and ethics. | A syncretic religion |
| What is it called... advances the idea that morality is whatever God (or the gods) command. God's will becomes the foundation of ethics. | The Divine Command Theory |
| What is a belief that morality depends on God. | The Divine Command Theory |
| What states that God (or gods) determine(s) what is morally right and wrong. A system where God’s will becomes the foundation of morality. | The Divine Command Theory |
| It offers an objective metaphysical foundation for morality. Is this an advantage or disadvantage of Divine Command Theory? | advantage |
| . It answers the question: why be moral? (To please God, to avoid punishment, gain reward). Is this an advantage or disadvantage of Divine Command Theory? | advantage |
| It encourages self-sacrifice, which might otherwise not occur, in response to God’s commands. Is this an advantage or disadvantage of Divine Command Theory? | advantage |
| It requires God’s existence be accepted to give His commands authority, and/or that a given text or scripture be proven divine. Is this an advantage or disadvantage of Divine Command Theory? | disadvantage |
| It allows for the possibility of abhorrent acts because Divine Command Theory is an arbitrary morality, based solely on God’s commands (and what if God commands torture?)Is this an advantage or disadvantage of Divine Command Theory? | disadvantage |
| It is not the only source of morality (people choose other theories or approaches), which suggests that morality is not exclusively what God wills. Is this an advantage or disadvantage of Divine Command Theory? | disadvantage |
| Is it an advantage or disadvantage of Divine Command Theory that it depends on believing in God or accepting a sacred text. | disadvantage |
| What goes back to the Greeks, and still a part of Catholic theology today? | The Theory of Natural Law |
| What maintains that God, or nature, has established universal laws and principles from which the norms of all human behavior must be derived. | The Theory of Natural Law |
| What is founded on the idea that everything in nature exists for a reason. The world is inherently rational. | Natural Law |
| What describe not only things as they are but how they ought to be. Rain is good (God designed rain to grow crops for humans to eat); drought is evil--it goes against what God intended in His organization of the world. | Natural Law |
| What is the built-in contradiction to Natural Law? | human reasoning |
| This is part of the natural order, leads to the understanding that the natural order of the world can not be the sole basis for morality or for value judgments. | human reasoning |
| What says that moral knowledge and religious knowledge are separate because we are endowed with reason? | Theory of Natural Law |
| What is the world has a natural order with purpose and values built into it. | Natural Law |
| What is how things are and how they ought to be? | Natural Law |
| What belief suggests reincarnation will provide an escape from human misery; we are meant to live according to our dharma? (role). | Hinduism |
| What is very nearly the oldest religion on record. | Hinduism |
| What is the third largest religious group in the world. | Hinduism |
| What religion can choose to worship any one of many gods. | Hinduism |
| What religion are vegetarians because of their belief in reincarnation. | Hinduism |
| What religion has Sacred writings – Vedas; Bhagavad-Gita; Upanishads? | Hinduism |
| What religion has the caste system? | Hinduism |
| What religion has the way to act – World-denying; moderation; temperance in pursuit of goals. | Hinduism |
| What religion believes in recarnation & karma? | Hinduism |
| The place(country) where they practice Hinduism? | India |
| “divine song” or “song of the Divine One” is called | Bhagavad-Gita |
| “divine song” or “song of the Divine One” is part of a very long epic poem called | the Mahabharata |
| What has become a spiritual classic. | Bhagavad-Gita |
| What is the name of the god associated with the sun, represents the force of preservation in the universe. | Vishnu |
| What god today is the most important object of devotion in India and associated with loving-kindness. | Vishnu |
| Who is a form of a god Vishnu? | Krishna |
| Who says, “There is nothing nobler than a righteous war.” | Krishna |
| Who is the third of the Trimurti and the god linked with destruction. | Shiva |
| As he dances, who is surrounded by a ring of fire, which shows his ability to destroy and transform. | Shiva |
| Who is a dangerous god of mountains and winds (“lucky”). | Shiva |
| What is the great epic called? | Ramayana |
| What is a division of society into social classes that are created by birth or occupation. | Caste system |
| (Can or Can’t) change the caste into which you are born, it is believed that a good life in one’s present caste will guarantee rebirth in a higher caste or better circumstances. | Can't |
| Social classes in Hinduism is called? | Varna |
| What name means knowledge or sacred lore. | Vedas |
| What is the good and evil a person does will return either in this life or in a later one. | Karma |
| This is what determines the direction of one’s rebirth. | Karma |
| What is economic security and power, part of life’s goals? | Artha |
| What is pleasure, part of life’s goals | Kama |
| What is our role, social and religious duty, part of life’s goals | Dharma |
| What means “freedom” or “liberation” and comes from a root that means “to be released.” The ultimate human goal. | Moksha |
| What are the life's goals in Hinduism? | Artha, Kama, Dharma, & Moksha |
| What religion stresses propriety, honor, and loyalty in fulfilling one's role in society. | Confucianism |
| What religion has spirits; souls; veneration(worship) of ancestors | Confucianism |
| What religion believes in "The Way" but people need to be educated. | Confucianism |
| What religion has Five Classics, Four books for sacred writings? | Confucianism |
| What religion has the way to act – Five Great Relationships? | Confucianism |
| What religion after life belief emphasis is on how one spends one’s life; death isn’t that important. | Confucianism |
| What place was not a single empire but a group of small kingdoms when Confucius was born. | China |
| A Confucian guide to proper human behavior is called? | Five Great Relationships |
| Father-son, Elder brother-younger brother, Husband-wife, Elder-younger, & Ruler-subject are all part of what? | Five Great Relationships |
| What religion sees living by "The Way" as a path to inner harmony, peace, and longevity. | Daoism |
| What religion observations about nature, philosophical insights, guidelines for living, exercises for health, ritual of protection, and practices for attaining longevity and inner purity. | Daoism |
| What religion is the founder: Laozi (Lao Tzu) virginal conception. | Daoism |
| What religion believes in “The way”; deities (gods); immortals | Daoism |
| What religion believes in the Infinite; forces such as yin and yang; divination. | Daoism |
| What religion has sacred writings – Dao de jing | Daoism |
| What religion believes People are outside of experience of the world, must become one with natural forces. | Daoism |
| What religion has the way to act – Effortlessness, simplicity, gentleness, relativity. | Daoism |
| What religion afterlife beliefs – Can become one with all things. | Daoism |
| What is the name: as a path to inner harmony, peace, and longevity. This is the name for whatever mysterious reality makes nature to be what it is and to act the way it does | Dao “The Way” |
| What says the Dao is the origin of everything and that all individual things are “manifestations” of the Dao. | The Daodejing |
| What religion began in ancient India and emphasizes dualism, spiritual independence and non-violence, has influenced Buddhism and Hinduism. | Jainism |
| What religion has no god; eternal universe | Jainism |
| What religion has dualistic; two sides to people, nature. | Jainism |
| What religion has sacred writings – Agamas | Jainism |
| What religion has two parts, one seeks pleasure and one seeks detachment from the world. | Jainism |
| What religion has the way to act – Nonviolence, non-lying, non-stealing, chastity, nonattachment. | Jainism |
| What religion has no afterlife beliefs? | Jainism |
| What religion is known for its extreme measures in the pursuit of ahimsa (non-injury)? | Jainism |
| What is not hurting living being (do no harm) Nonviolence called. | Ahimsa |
| What religion offers enlightenment through meditation and for some, through devotion to deities. | Buddhism |
| What religion has no god? | Buddhism |
| What religion believes change is eternal, suffering, rebirth | Buddhism |
| What religion has sacred writings- Tripitaka; Mahayana Sutras; Tibetan Book of the Dead. | Buddhism |
| What religion believes desire causes suffering? | Buddhism |
| What religion has the way to act – To behave rightly in all matters of body, soul, work and relationships. | Buddhism |
| What religion afterlife beliefs – Rebirth and karma | Buddhism |
| Who came from India, a wealthy prince before he attained enlightenment, and became Buddha. | Siddhartha |
| What is the Awakened One, taken from a Sanskrit word meaning “to wake up.” | The Buddha |
| What is suffering exists, it has a cause, it has an end, and there is a way to attain release from suffering? | The Four Noble truths |
| How can the four noble truths be attained? | By following the noble eightfold path |
| What are the Buddhist sacred writings (newer writings but in reality they were imaginative, colorful creations written at least several centuries after the Buddha lived) called. | Mahayana sutras |
| The way to inner peace by Buddhism. Is by... | Eight Fold Path |
| Right understanding, Right intention, Right speech, Right action, Right work, Right effort, Right meditation, & Right contemplation. These are what? | Eight Fold Path |
| Should the eight steps of the fold path be done all together? | Yes |
| What is end of suffering, inner peace, and liberation from the limitation of the world called. | Nirvana |
| What is believed to end karma and rebirth after the present life called? | Nirvana |
| What religion believes in Nirvana, eight fold path, meditation, and reincarnation. | Buddhism |
| How do you reach nirvana recommended by Buddhism? | following the Noble Eightfold Path |
| What encompasses techniques that develop mindfulness, concentration, tranquility and insight. | Meditation |
| What is profound understanding [Awakening (bodhi)]called. | Enlightenment |
| What is the belief of many Eastern religions that our soul lives multiple lifetimes, being reborn after death. | Reincarnation |
| What religion borrows from Hindu, Buddhist, Jain and Christian beliefs about nonviolence (ahimsa) and nonresistance. | Gandhianism |
| What religion has Hindu-based ideology | Gandhianism |
| What religion has no divine knowledge attachment? | Gandhianism |
| What religion has no sacred writings or human nature? | Gandhianism |
| What religion has the way to act – Non-violence at all times even if being physically harmed. | Gandhianism |
| What religion afterlife beliefs is Reincarnation. | Gandhianism |
| What religion has practical wisdom and passive restraint | Gandhianism |
| What religion(s) believe in one God. | Judaism, Christianity, and Islam |
| from the teachings of who, a major 20th century political and spiritual leader in India. | Mohandas K. Gandhi |
| Believing in one God is called? | Monotheistic |
| What religion does Jewish moral teaching instructs believers to follow the Ten Commandments and other commandments in the Torah and Talmud. | Judaism |
| What religion take to heart this idea: "The world rests on three things: justice, truth, and peace"? | Judaism |
| What religion does righteousness encompasses benevolence and charity. | Judaism |
| Orthodox Jews follow rabbinic religious law called? | halakhah |
| What religion is nearly as old as Hinduism | Judaism |
| What religion believes Jesus birth was normal not from a virgin. | Judaism |
| What religion doesn’t believe Christ was resurrected but does believe that He will have a second coming. | Judaism & Islam |
| What religion received through Prophets, recorded in the Torah (Hebrew Bible) and Talmud. | Judaism |
| What religion has the way to act - Follow the Ten Commandments | Judaism |
| Hebrew Bible includes the first 5 books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. This is the sacred core of the Hebrew Bible. | Torah |
| What religion has the Torah, Kabbalah, and Halakhah | Judaism |
| What is the whole body of Jewish mystical literature meaning “received,” “handed down” called? | Kabbalah |
| What religion are guided by the Ten Commandments, the Sermon on the Mount, and the Golden Rule. | Christianity |
| What religion has the greatest number of adherents worldwide | Christianity |
| What religion believes Jesus birth was born of a virgin | Christianity |
| What religion belief is that Christ is resurrected and He will have a second coming. | Christianity |
| What religion Received through Prophets and Jesus, recorded in the Bible (Old and New Testaments). | Christianity |
| What religion The way to act - Follow the Golden Rule: "So in everything, do to others what you would have them do to you, for this sums up the Law and the Prophets." | Christianity |
| What religion study the Sermon on the Mount: the Beatitudes ("Blessed are the poor...") and the Lord's Prayer. | Christianity |
| What religion Correct beliefs, faith, good deeds, receive sacraments (such as baptism); strive for Christ-like perfection. | Christianity |
| What is based on the laws of the Apostles which is looked to by Catholics. | Canon law |
| What is divine moral imperatives given to the prophet Moses. Love God and Love thy neighbor. | The Ten Commandments |
| What is "So in everything, do to others what you would have them do to you, for this sums up the Law and the Prophets." (Matthew 7:12). | Golden Rule |
| Richard Niebuhr and his Christ In Culture Theory: a kind of other worldly pietism. | Christ against culture |
| Richard Niebuhr and his Christ In Culture Theory: a Christianity which casts a gospel glow over the existing order and hardly challenges it. | The Christ of culture |
| Richard Niebuhr and his Christ In Culture Theory: makes a sharp separation between God’s kindly rule in the Church and his stern rule (for the sake of order) in public life. | Christ and culture in paradox |
| Richard Niebuhr and his Christ In Culture Theory: meaning a triumphalist church which seeks control over public life. | Christ above culture |
| Richard Niebuhr and his Christ In Culture Theory: : a leaven in a lump of personal and public life which allows for a legitimate autonomy of secular disciplines and seeks to influence but not necessarily to control institutions. | Christ transforming culture |
| What religion has believers adhere to the teachings of Mohammad in the Qur’an and look to follow the Five Pillars | Islam |
| What religion has the second greatest number of adherents worldwide. | Islam |
| What religion doesn’t believe Christ was resurrected but does believe that He will have a second coming. | Islam & Judaism |
| What religion received through Mohammed, recorded in Qur'an | Islam |
| What religion has the way to act - "Command the good and forbid the evil." Follow Five Pillars. | Islam |
| What religion has religious law, Sharia, contains special instructions for day-to-day behavior, including dietary restrictions (no pork, no intoxicants), and other conduct? | Islam |
| Who was a messenger of God. 1st to lead the Muslims | Prophet Muhammad (d. 632) |
| "Command the good and forbid the evil." Islamic sacred writing. Muslim sacred book is called. | Qur’an |
| Do all Muslims must accept and practice the Five Pillars? | Yes |
| Professing the creed (Shahadah); prayer (Salat); charity to poor (Zakat); fasting during Ramadan (Sawm); pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). Islamic guide to proper human behavior. Are what? | Five Pillars |
| Laws governing behavior- Which means “way” or “the path” contains special instructions for day-to-day behavior. Islamic religious law is called. | Sharia |
| (“faction”) Shiite Islam believes that the legitimate succession was hereditary, descending from the immediate family of Muhammad. This is called? | Shi’a tradition |
| A God-given, hereditary spiritual power, called | the Light of Muhammad |
| According to what tradition, the last Imam, Muhammad as-Mahdi, did not die but entered a hidden realm from which he works by guiding Shiite scholars and leaders. | Shi’a tradition |
| Who believe in reincarnation and in addition to Muslim holidays, they celebrate Christmas and Epiphany. | Islam |
| What religion believes in Prophet Muhammad (d. 632), Qur'an, Five Pillars, Sharia, Shi'a traditon, and Sunni tradition | Islam |
| What refers to the entire body of traditional teachings that are based on the life and teachings of Muhammad, as given in the Qur’an and the authoritative hadiths. | Sunni tradition |
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