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Pharmaceutical Terms
LTC - Fundamentals Pharmceutical Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acidosis | a disturbance in the acid-base balance of the body in which there is an accumulation of acids (>7.4) or an excessive loss of bicarbonate. |
| acute | sharp, severe; having rapid onset, severe symptoms and a short course; not chronic. |
| addiction | enslavement to some habit, esp. the drug habit; habituation to drugs with a physical dependence. |
| parenteral additive | one or more medications added to a solution that is intended for intravenous administration. (Pure water would cause cells to burst) |
| adjuvant | that which assists, esp. a drug added to a prescription to hasten or increase the action of a principal ingredient; synergist. |
| aerobe | a microorganism which requires free oxygen in order to be able to live and grow. |
| alkalosis | a condition in which the alkalinity of the body tends to increase beyond normal due to excess of alkalis or withdrawl of acid or chlorides from the blood. (opposite of acidosis) |
| allergen | any substance which indicates a state of or brings on manifestations of allergy. |
| allergy | an altered reaction (unusual or exaggerated sensitivity) of body tissues to a specific substance (allergen) which in nonsensitive persons will, in similar amounts, produce no effect. |
| alopecia | natural or normal baldness or deficiency of hair, partial or complete, localized or generalized. |
| ambulatory | able to walk, not confined to bed. |
| amebicide | an agent that kills amebas (usually in drinking water). |
| anabolic agent | a substance that repairs, builds up, or causes growth of the body (ex: anabolic steroids). |
| anaerobe | a microorganism which thrives best or lives only without oxygen. |
| analgesic | a medicine which relieves pain. |
| anaphylaxis | a hypersensitive state of the body to a foreign substance due to a prior sensitization by contact with the causative agents. Deadly. (Constriction of bronchioles due to bee sting, food, or drug reaction). |
| anesthetic | an agent that prodices insensitivity to pain or touch. General or local. |
| anorectic | a medication that causes the person to have no appetite. |
| antacid | an agent that will neutralize acidity, esp. in the digestive tract. |
| anthelmintic | an agent useful in treating parasitic intestinal worms. |
| antibiotic | a substance produced by yeast, mold, bacteria, or synthetically which kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms. |
| anticoagulant | an agent which prevents or delays blood clotting. |
| anticonvulsant | an agent that prevents or relieves convulsive seizures. |
| antidepressant | a medication that revives normal interests, alertmess and gives energy to depressed individuals. |
| antidiarrheic | an agent given to treat diarrhea. |
| antidote | a substance that neatralizes poisons or their effects. |
| antiemetic | a medication given to prevent or counteract nausea and vomiting. |
| antihistamine | any medication that counteracts the effect of a histamine for treatment of allergies. (usually taken 1/2 hr. before exposure). |
| antihypertensive | medications used to lower high blood pressure. |
| antineoplastic | a substance that kills or prevents the development or spread of tumor cells. (cancer treatments). |
| antipruritic | a medication that relieves itching. |
| antipyretic | a medication used to reduce fever. |
| antiseptic | a substance which slows down or dicourages the growth of bacteria. |
| urinary antiseptic | medication used to treat minor infections of the urinary tract. |
| skin antiseptic | used to cleanse and in treatment of infections. |
| antispasmodic | medication used to relieve muscle spasms. |
| antitoxin | a specific poison-neutralizing antibody that confers immunity or resistance by rendering innocuous the toxin of bacteria. |
| antitubercular | a medication used to treat tuberculosis (isoniazid & Rifampin, Nydrazid) |
| antitussive | a medication used for relief of cough. |
| arrhythmia | irregular heartbeat. |
| arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries. |
| arthritis | inflammation of the joints. |
| aseptic technique | a method or procedure that will prevent contamination ( a sterile technique). |
| atonic | without tone, weak tone, absence of tone. |
| bactericide | an agent capable of killing bacteria. |
| bacteriostat | an agent that arrests or inhibits the growth of bacteria. |
| barbiturate | acts on all levels of CNS; provides a state ranging from mild sedation to deep sleep and anesthesia. |
| bronchodilator | antispasmodic, which relaxes spasms of the bronchi. |
| carcinogen | any cancer producing substance. |
| cardiotonic | increases muscle tone of the heart. |
| cathartic | an agent that causes emptying of the colon. |
| central service | an area in the hospital where general sterile procedures are performed; it serves as a storage area for various types of equipment. |
| chemotherapy | using chemical agents to treat disease. |
| coagulant | an agent that causes blood to clot to treat hemorrhage; hemostatic. |
| collyrium | a solution used as an eye wash. |
| colostomy | creation of an opening into the colon through the abdominal wall. |
| congestive heart failure | failure or diminished ability of the heart to provide blood supply to the tissues an organs. |
| coronary care unit | a separate unit in the hospital where patients are treated for acute heart disease (C.C.U.) |
| cough depressant | suppresses a cough; causes increased secretion of mucus, thus soothing the bronchial mucosa; sedative expectorant. |
| depressant | medication which decreases cell activity. |
| cardiac depressant | lessens heart action so that it beats slower and weaker. |
| CNS depressant | lessens brain activity; makes patient dull and less active; may produce sleep. |
| respiratory depressant | lessens the frequency and depth of breathing. |
| diuretic | medication used to increase amount of sodium and urine secreted. |
| effervescence | the escape of gas from a liquid (bubbling). |
| electroencephalogram | a tracing of the electrical activity of the brain (brain waves). |
| embolism | obstruction of a blood vessel by formation of a blood clot. |
| emetic | a substance which produces vomiting. |
| emollient | substance used externally to soften the skin or internally to soothe an irritated or inflamed surface. |
| expectorant | a medication that facilitates the removal of secretions in the chest and lungs (coughing up sputum). |
| floor stock | medication that is routinely kept at a nurse's station. |
| gastric | pertaining to the stomach. |
| habituation | a condition of tolerance to the effects of a medication or poison acquired through regular indulgence and marked by a psychological or physical craving when it is withdrawn. (respiratory system is increasingly affected) |
| hematinic | medication which stimulates the production of red blood cells (BBC's) and hemoglobin to counteract anemia. |
| hemostat | device or medicine which arrests the flow of blood to stop hemorrhages. (medication or clamp) |
| hypertension | high blood pressure. |
| hypnotic | a medication that induces sleep or dulls the senses. |
| hypoglycemic | pertaining to or causing a deficiency of sugar in the blood. |
| immunity | ability to resist or overcome infection. |
| infusion | a liquid substance introduced into the body by intravenous tubing over a period of time. |
| intracutaneous | within the substance of the skin; intradermal. |
| intramuscular | an injection into a muscle. |
| intrathecal | an injection into the spinal canal; intraspinal. |
| keratolytic | a substance that removes or loosens horny layers of the epidermis.(ex: siacylic acid for warts) |
| parenteral | injection |
| miotic | a medication that causes constriction of the pupil of the eye. |
| mydriatic | a medication that causes dilation of the pupil of the eye. |
| myocardial infarction | heart attack; injury to the heart muscle due to a blockage in a coronary artery. |
| palliative | gives relief but does not cure. |
| pathogen | a microorganism that causes disease. |
| pathology | study of the nature and cause of disease; condition caused by disease. |
| plasma | the fluid part of blood in which corpuscles are suspended and includes fibrin. |
| pulmonary | pertaining to the lungs. |
| radiology | department in the hospital where x-rays and radioisotopes are used for diagnosis and treatment. |
| renal | pertaining to the kidneys. |
| serum | the fluid part of blood without fibrin. |
| toxin | a poisonous substance. |
| toxoid | a toxin that has been detoxified, but still able to induce antibody formation. |
| tuberculin | a liquid used to diagnose tuberculosis infection. |
| vaccine | any material for preventative inoculation, usually prepared from killed bacteria. |
| vasoconstrictor | causes narrowing of blood vessels. |
| vasodilator | causes widening of blood vessels. |
| vertigo | dizziness |
| viscosity | a resistance to fluid flow. |
| < | less than |
| > | greater than |
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