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anti hypertensives
pharmacology of antihypertensives
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sodium nitroprusside | dilates resistance and capacitance vessles |
| sodium nitroprusside | increases heart rate but not ourput |
| sodium nitroprusside | used in hypertensive emergencies |
| sodium nitroprusside | may cause accumulation of cyanide, reduced by co administration of sodium thiosulfate |
| minoxidil | vasodilates predominantly arteriolar vessles |
| minoxidil | elicits baroreceptor relfex; needs co-administration of diuretics and beta blockers |
| minoxidil | useful for refractory HTN |
| minoxidil | causes hirsutism-->rogain |
| hydralazine | relaxes arteriolar muscles |
| hydralazine | needs to be administered with duiretics and beta blocker |
| hydralazine | may cause lupus like syndrome |
| reserpine | eliminates norepinephrine release |
| reserpine | adverse effects are Gi disturbances and mental depression |
| clonidine | stimulates alpha 2 in CNS causing reduction in total peripheral resistance |
| clonidine | adverse effects are drowsiness, dry mouth, and constipation |
| methyldopa | metabolite is a false neurotransmitter |
| methyldopa | reduces sympathetic outflow decreasing peripheral resistance |
| methyldopa | adverse effects include drowsiness, dry mouth, GI upset, and sexual dysfunction |
| calcium channel blocking agents | reduces peripheral resistance |
| calcium channel blocking agents | varapamil, diltiazem and --ipine |
| ACE inhibitors | -pril |
| ACE inhibitors | less affective in african americans |
| ACE inhibitors | reduce vascular resistance and blood volume |
| labetalol | alpha and beta antagonist |
| labetalol | reduces heart rate and contractility, slows AV conduction and decreases peripheral resistance |
| labetalol | does not cause reflex tachycardia |
| alpha antagonists | lower total peripheral resistance by dilating resistance and cunductance vessles |
| alpha antagonists | may produce initial orthostatic hypotension, other adverse effects are minimal |
| alpha antagonists | -osin selective for alpha 1 |
| alpha antagonists | -amine nonselective |
| beta blockers | -olol |
| beta blockers | antagonizes catecholamine action at beta 1 and 2 receptors |
| beta blockers | reduces peripheral vascular resistance and reduces heart rate and contractility |
| beta blockers | increase airway resistance |
| beta blockers | decrease renin release |
| metoprolol and atenolol | are relitively selsctive for beta 1 |
Created by:
swohlers
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