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Chapter 10
Understanding Psychology by Richard A. Kasschau, Ph.D.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| memory | the storage and retrieval of what has been learned or experienced |
| encoding | the transforming of information so the nervous system can process it |
| storage | the process by which information is maintained over a period of time |
| retrieval | the process of obtaining information that has been stored in memory |
| sensory memory | very brief memory storage immediately following initial stimulation of a receptor |
| short-term memory | memory that is limited in capacity to about seven items and in duration by the subject's active rehearsal |
| maintenance rehearsal | a system for remembering that involves repeating information to oneself without attempting to find meaning in it |
| chunking | the process of grouping items to make them easier to remember |
| semantic memory | knowledge of language, including its rules, words, and meanings |
| episodic memory | memory of one's life, including time of occurrence |
| declarative memory | memory of knowledge that can be called forth consciously as needed |
| procedural memory | memory of learned skills that does not require conscious recollection |
| recognition | memory retrieval in which a person identifies an object, idea, or situation as one he or she has or has not experienced before |
| recall | memory retrieval in which a person reconstructs previously learned material |
| reconstructive processes | the alteration of a recalled memory that may be simplified, enriched, or distorted, depending on an individual's experiences, attitudes, or inferences |
| confabulation | the act of filling in memory gaps |
| schemas | conceptual frameworks a person uses to make sense of the world |
| eidetic memory | the ability to remember with great accuracy visual information on the basis of short-term exposure |
| decay | fading away of memory over time |
| interference | blockage of a memory by previous or subsequent memories |
| elaborative rehearsal | the linking of new information to material that is already known |
| mnemonic devices | techniques for using associations to memorize and retrieve information |
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