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Psychology 3rd Qtr
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absolute threshold | Point you can detect stimulus 50% of time |
| Weber's Law | Law that says size of Just Noticeable Difference is constant in proportion to size of initial stimulus |
| Fovea | Tiny spot in retina that contains only cones and has greatest visual acuity |
| Retina | Neural tissue lining that absorbs light, processes images, and sends visual information to brain |
| Feature detectors | Process by which specialized nerve cells in brain respond to specific features of visual stimulus |
| Trichromatic theory | Theory that says human eye has3 receptors for color vision with different sensibilities to wavelength |
| Opponent process of color vision | Antagonistic responses to pairs of colors |
| Sensory adaptation | Gradual decline in sensitivity to prolonged stimulation |
| EEG | Monitors electrical activity of brain |
| 1 - theta. 2 - mixed (spindles). 3 / 4 - delta. REM sleep. | Stages of sleep |
| Circadian rhythm | 24 hour cycle important in sleep |
| Dissociation | Splitting mental processes into two separate streams of awareness |
| Spontaneous recovery | Weakened reappearance of CR after extinction and period of rest |
| Encoding, Shaping, Retrieval | 3 memory processes |
| Structural memory code | Appearance of words, lowest level of processing |
| Phonemic memory code | Appearance of sound, second level of processing |
| Semantic memory code | Appearance of meaning, deepest level of processing |
| Episodic memories | Memories of personal experiences temporally dated |
| Semantic memories | Memories of general information |
| Serial position effect | People forget middle words in a list |
| Retrograde amnesia | Loss of memories before head injury - forget past |
| Anterograde amnesia | Loss of memories after head injury - no new memories |
| Hippocampus | Brain structure needed for memory - damage causes harm to LTM |
| Interference theory | Theory that one forgets because of competition with other info |
| Implicit memory | Subconscious memory |
| Explicit memory | Conscious and intentional memory |
| Declarative memory | Factual information |
| Procedural | Memory for actions and conditioned responses |
| Fundamental attribution error | Observer's bias in favor if internal attributions in explaining other's behavior |
| Asch's conformity studies | Study with line length - 37% conform to others and pick wrong answer |
| Self serving bias | Giving external attributions for failures, internal attributions for successes |
| Milligram's experiment | Study with obedience - shocking another. 65% obeyed to end |
| Cognitive dissonance | State of tension produced when related cognitions are inconsistent ($1 large attitude change vs $20 little) |
| Reciprocity norm | Expectation that someone will return favor later |
| Social loafing | Reduction of effort when in groups |
| Overextension / Overgeneralization | When child incorrectly uses word to describe wider set of objects or actions that it is meant to |
| Over regularization | Incorrectly / generalizing grammatical rules |
| Noam Chomsky | Nativist who believed in a universal inborn grammar and LAD |
| Functional fixedness | Tendency to think of object in terms of most common use |
| Algorithm | Methodical procedure for trying all possible solutions to problem |
| Availability heuristic | Bsing probability of event on ease with which relevant instances come to mind |
| Representative heuristic | Basing probability of event on how similar it is to typical prototype or situation |
| Script | Type of schema that organizes what people know about common activities |
| Morphemes | Smallest unit of meaning in word |
| Phonemes | Smallest unit of sound in spoken word |
| Content validity | Test covers what students prepared for |
| Criterion-related vailidity | Correlating scores with another related measure |
| Construct validity | Test measures abstract quality like creativity |
| Verbal, mathematical, kinesthetic, visual spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, musical | Garner's 8 intelligences |
| Narcolepsy | Sudden irresistible urge to sleep |
| Sleep apnea | Reflexive gasping for air during sleep |
| Insomnia | Difficulty sleeping |
| Somnambulism | Sleep walking |
| Facial feedback hypothesis | Idea that facial expression causes emotion |
| James Lange THeory | Theory that physiological response comes before emotion |
| Cannon Baird Theory | Theory that one signal of emotion sent to cortex, other to ANS |
| Singer Two Factor Theory | Theory that emotion is a combo of physiological response and cognitive interpretation |
| Trust vs mistrust | Stage 1 Erikson - newborn |
| Autonomy vs Doubt | Stage 2 Erikson (2-3 yo) |
| Initiative vs Guilt | Stage 3 Erikson (3-5 yo) |
| Industry vs Inferiority | Stage 4 Erikson (5-12 yo) |
| Identity vs confusion | Stage 5 Erikson (teen) |
| Intimacy vs Isolation | Stage 6 Erikson (adult) |
| Generativity vs Self Absorption | Stage 7 Erikson (middle aged) |
| Integrity vs Despair | Stage 8 Erikson (maturity) |
| Preconventional (avoid punishment), Conventional (conform to rules), Postconventional (self morality) | Kohlberg's stages |
| Collective unconscious | Stores latent memory traces inherited form ancestral past |
| Selye's general adaptation syndrom | Model of body's stress response - alarm, resistance, exhaustion |
| In-group bias | Bias from group members towards nonmembers of group |
| Mere exposure effect | Idea that increased exposure leads to increased liking |
| Regression | Reversion to immature patterns of behavior |
| Internal locus of control | Belief that successes / failures due to own effort |
| External locus of control | Belief that successes / failures driven by chance |
Created by:
uriel_magana
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