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Stress
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Stress | Circumstance that threatens one's well-being or taxes one's coping abilities. Subjective. Harmful effects on health. Cumulative. Events are more if uncontrollable / unpredictable. |
| Frustration | Stress category that occurs when pursuit of a goal is blocked |
| Conflict | Stress category when two or more incompatible motivations / impulses compete for expression. |
| Approach-Approach | Stress where choice must be made w/ 2 attractive goals |
| Avoidance-Avoidance | Stress where choice must be made w/ 2 unattractive goals |
| Approach-Avoidance | Stress where choice must be made about 1 goal with both positive and negative aspects |
| Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) | Test that measures stress - higher score = vulnerable to physical illness and psychological problems. Criticisms - no measure of change |
| Pressure | Demands or expectations to act a certain way |
| Pressure inventory | Self report inventory that is more closely related to mental health than the SRRS |
| Catecholamines | Hormones that produce physiological changes seen in fight or flight |
| Cortisols | Hormones that stimulate release of fats and proteins to provide energy |
| Hypothalamus - sympathetic nervous system - adrenal medulla | Pathway where brain sends signals to endocrine system when stressed - releases catecholamines |
| Hypothalamus - pituitary gland (ACTH) - adrenal cortex (cortisols) | Pathway where brain sends signals to endocrine system when stressed - releases ACTH first, then cortisols |
| Norepinephrine | Catecholamine that functions as a neurotransmitter |
| Coping | Active efforts to reduce, master, tolerate demands of stress |
| Frustration-aggression hypothesis | Idea that frustration is always caused by aggression |
| Displacement | Diversion of aggression to a substitute |
| Catharsis | Emotional tension released through behavior - may be adaptive |
| Learned helplessness | Passive behavior produced by exposure to unavoidable events |
| Denial, fantasy, intellectualization (detachment from threatening events), undoing (make unacceptable desires / acts disappear), overcompensation | 5 Defensive coping mechanisms |
| Competitive, time urgent, angry and hostile - higher risk for heart disease | Type A behavior |
| Relaxed, patient, easy going, amicable - lower risk for hear disease | Type B behavior |
| Autonomic reactivity | Difference between placid / highly reactive autonomic nervous system |
| Burnout | Physical, mental, emotional exhaustion from long term / chronic stress |
| PTSD | Disturbed behavior attributed from stressful event |
| Diathesis stress approach | Idea that disorders result from predisposed biological factors triggered by the environment and stress |
| Psychosomatic diseases | Genuine physical illness caused partly by psychological factors |
| Hypertension, migraines, ulcers | Common psychosomatic diseases caused by stress |
| Yerkes-Dobson Law | States that as task becomes more complex, the optimal level of arousal for max performance decreases |
| General adaptation syndrome (GAS) | Model of body's stress syndrome |
| Alarm reaction | Physiological arousal where body masters resources |
| Resistance | Prolonged stress, physiological changes stabilize (higher than normal) |
| Exhaustion | Physiological arousal decrease. Resources for fighting depleted (usually ends in death or disease) |
Created by:
uriel_magana
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