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Imaging Procedures
Anatomy, positioning, and pathology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hypersthenic (5%) | Body large and heavy Bony framework thick, short, and wide. lungs and heart hight pg.78 |
| Asthenic (10%) | Body slender and light Bony framework delicate Thorax long and narrow pg.78 |
| Sthenic (50%) | Build average and athletic Similar to hypersthenic, but modified by elongation of abdomen and thorax pg.78 |
| Hyposthenic (35%) | Somewhat slighter, less robust Similar to asthenic, but stomach, intestines, and gallbladder situated higher in abdomen. pg.78 |
| C1 | Mastoid process pg.84 |
| C5 | Thyoid cartilage pg.84 |
| C7 | Vertebra prominens pg.84 |
| T2-3 | Jugular notch pg.84 |
| T9 | Xiphoid tip pg.84 |
| T11-L3 | Kidneys pg.84 |
| L3-4 | Umbilicus pg.84 |
| L4 | Iliac crest pg.84 |
| Functions of Skeletal system | Support Reservoir for minerals muscle attachment/ movement protection Hematopoiesis pg.94 |
| Gliding (plane) joint | simplest motion, least movement, smooth/sliding motion Intercarpal and inter tarsal joints, acromioclavicular and costovertebral joints pg.95 |
| Pivot (trochoid) | Permits rotation around a single axis Proximal radioulnar joint and atlantoacial joint pg.95 |
| Hinge (ginglymus) | Permits flexion and extension Elbow, interphalangeal joints and ankle pg.95 |
| Ball and Socket (spheroid) | Permits flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation, and circumduction with more motion distally and less proximally Shoulder and hip pg.95 |
| Condyloid (ellipsoid) | Permits flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction Radiocarpal joint and metacarpophalangeal joints 2-5 pg.95 |
| Saddle (sellar) | Permits flexion, extension, adduction, adduction and circumduction (no rotation) First carpometacarpal joint (thumb) pg.95 |
| Bicondylar (biaxial) | Principal motion in one direction, limited rotation motion TMJ, knee pg.95 |
| Synarthrotic | Fibrous immovable pg.96 |
| Amphiarthrotic | Cartilaginous Partially moveable |
| Diarthrotic | Synovial Freely moveable pg.96 |
| PA Hand | Hand pronated elbow bent 90* Fingers extended slightly apart CR perp to MCP pg.106 |
| Oblique Hand | Elbow flexed at 90* Hand and forearm 45* oblique CR perp to 3rd MCP pg.106 |
| AP Thumb | Dorsal surface adjacent and parallel to IR CR perp to MCP pg.107 |
| PA Thumb | Dorsal surface adjacent and || to IR pg.107 |
| PA fingers | Hand pronated giners extended elbow flexed 90* CR perp to PIP pg.107 |
| PA Wrist | Hand pronated with MCPs slightly flexed Elbow flexed 90* CR perp mid carpal pg.108 |
| Lateral Wrist | Elbow flexed 90*, ulnar surface down Radius and ulna superimposed CR perp mid carpal region pg.108 |
| AP Forearm | forearm supinated and extended interepicondylar line || IR Shoulder and elbow on the same plane CR perp mid forearm pg.109 |
| Lateral Forearm | Elbow flexed 90* Epicondyles superimposed and interepicondylar line perp IR Hand lat, shoulder and elbow on the same plane CR perp mid forearm pg.109 |
| AP Elbow | Forearm supinated and extended interepicondylar line || IR CR perp elbow joint m/w b/w epicondyles pg.110 |
| Lateral Elbow | Elbow flexed 90* Interepicondylar line perp IR forearm and wrist lateral CR perp elbow joint at the epicondyles pg.110 |
| AP Humerus | Arm extended and supinated interepicondylar line || IR CR perp mid humerus pg.111 |
| Lateral Humerus | Elbow flexed 90* interepicondylar line perp IR CR perp mid humerus pg.111 |
| Shoulder posterior oblique Grashey Method | RPO or LPO (erect or recumbent) MSP 35-45* to the affect side Scapula || IR Suspend respiration CR perp 2" medial and 2" inferior to superior and lat shoulder pg.111 |
| PA oblique scapular Y | Affected shoulder centered to IR MCP 60* to IR CR perp shoulder joint pg.111 |
| AP Scapula | AP upright or recumbent scapula centered with arm abducted, elbow flexed CR perp mid scapula, about 2" inferior of coracoid process pg.113 |
| Tarsal bones | Calcaneus Talus Navicular Cuboid Medial cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Lateral cuneiform pg.114 |
| Male Pelvis | Norrower, more vertical Deeper from anterior to posteriorPubic angle less than 90* Inlet narrower and heart shaped/round pg.123 |
| Female Pelvis | Wider, more angled toward horizontal Shallower from anterior to posterior Pubic angle greater than 90* Inlet larger and rounder pg.123 |
| AP foot | Knee flexed about 45* Planter surface on IR CR 10* or perp to base of 3rd metatarsal pg.124 |
| Medial Oblique foot | Start as dorsoplantar, rotate 30* Plantar surface and IR are 30* CR perp base of 3rd metatarsal pg.124 |
| Lateral foot | Recumbant lateral Patella perp tabletop foot slightly dorsiflexed Plantar surface || IR CR perp metatarsal bases pg.124 |
| AP lower leg (Tibia/Fibula) | Leg extended AP no pelvic relation foot dorsiflexed CR perp mid shaft tibia pg.128 |
| Later lower leg | Recumbent on the affected side Patella perp table top Ankle and foot lat CR perp mid shaft pg.128 |
| AP Knee | Leg extended AP no pelvic rotation leg may be rotated 3-5* internally CR to 1/2" below patellar apex Direction of CR depends on distance b/w ASIS and tabletop 19-24cm 0* >24cm 3-5* cephalad pg.129 |
| Lateral Knee | Recumbent on affected side patella perp tabletop knee flexed 20-30* 5* cephalad to knee jt pg.129 |
| AP weight bearing (bilateral) | AP erect against upright bucky weight evenly shared on legs CR perp midway b/w knees at the level of patellar apices pg.129 |
| AP Femur | Supine, affected femur centered to grid leg internally rotated 15* CR perp mid femoral shaft (to include hip and possibly knee jt) pg.130 |
| Lateral Femur (mediolateral) | recumbent lateral with the affected leg centered to grid patella perp tabletop CR perp mid shaft pg.130 |
| AP Hip | Supine, sagittal plane 2" medial to ASIS centered to grid No pelvic rotation leg rotated 15* internally CR sagittal plane 2" medial to ASIS at level of greater trochanter pg.131 |
| AP Oblique (unilateral frog leg) | Supine, ASIS of affected side centered to grid knee and hip acutely flexed Thigh abducted 40* CR perp the affected hip at a level 1" above the pubic symphysis pg.131 |
| AP Pelvis | Supine, MSP perp table top no pelvic rotation legs rotated internally 15* CR perp midline at a level 2" above great trochanter; top of IR 1-2" above iliac crest. pg.132 |
| AP Axial Sacroiliac Joint | Supine MSP centered to fid CR 30-35* cephalic, to the midline approximately 2" below level of ASIS pg.133 |
| AP Cervical Spine | Supine or erect MSP perp grid Adjust flexion so mastoid tip and occlusal plane are aligned 15-20* cephalad to thyroid cartledge pg.142 |
| Lateral Cervical | Erect w/ L side adjacent to IR Chin slightly elevated shoulders depressed MSP || IR Centered at level of C4 Perp C4 pg.142 |
| AP Thoracic Spine | Supine, MSP perp tabletop/ grid top of IR 1" above shoulders CR perp T7 pg.144 |
| AP Lumbar Spine | Supine, MSP perp tabletop/ grid knees flexed, feet flat on table CR perp to L3 pg. 146 |
| Lateral Thoracic Spine | L lat recumbent Midaxillary line centered to table arms per long axis of body top of IR 1" above shoulders CR 5-15* cephalad (perp to long axis of spine) pg.144 |
| Lateral Lumbar Spine | L lat recumbent Midaxillary line centered to grid CR 5-8* caudal of L3 pg.146 |
| PA Cranium | Prone, MSP perp mid table OML perp IR CR perp nasion pg.161 |
| PA axial (Caldwell) | PA, MSP centered to grid OML perp grid IR centered to nasion 15* caudad to nasion pg.161 |
| Lateral Skull | Skull MSP || grid Interpupillary line vertical IOML || transverse axis of IR CR perp a point 2" superior to EAM pg.161 |
| AP Axial (Towne) | Supine, MSP perp mid table OML vertical top of IR 1.5" below vertex CR 30* caudad to a point about 1.5" above labella (or 37* to IOML) pg.161 |
| AP TRAUMA Skull | Supine, MSP perp mid table OML perp IR CR perp nasion pg.161 |
Created by:
criley2
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