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Exam 5 Terms
Radiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acute glomerulonephritis | A sudden onset of an inflammatory process in the renal parenchyma caused by streptococcal infection |
| Adenocarcinoma | Carcinoma derived from glandular tissue |
| Bladder carcinoma | Neoplastic disease of the urinary bladder |
| Bladder diverticula | A pouch in the wall of the urinary bladder |
| Bladder trabeculae | Roughening of the normally smooth bladder wall |
| Bright’s disease | An antigen-antibody reaction in the glomeruli causes an inflammatory reaction of the renal parenchyma |
| Crossed ectopy | A condition in which one kidney lies across the body midline and is fused to the other kidney |
| Cystitis | Inflammation of the bladder as a result of its infection |
| Ectopic kidney | A kidney that is out of its normal position, usually found lower than normal |
| Foley catheter | A catheter that is placed through the urethra and retained in the urinary bladder by a balloon that is inflated with air or fluid |
| Horseshoe kidney | A condition where the lower poles of the kidney are joined across midline by a band of soft tissues, resulting in a rotation anomaly on one or both sides |
| Hydronephrosis | An obstructive disease of the urinary system that causes a dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces with urine |
| Hyperplasia | Overdevelopment |
| Hypoplasia | Underdevelopment |
| Malrotation | A condition of incomplete or excessive rotation of the kidneys as they ascend from the pelvis in utero |
| Medullary sponge kidney | A congenital anomaly of the urinary system in which the only visible abnormality is the dilatation of the medullary and papillary portions of the collecting ducts, usually bilaterally |
| Nephroblastoma (Wilms’ tumor) | A rapidly developing malignancy of the kidneys, usually affecting children before age 5 |
| Nephroptosis | Prolapse of a kidney |
| Nephrosclerosis | Intimal thickening of predominantly the small vessels of the kidney as a result of reduced blood flow through arteriosclerotic renal vasculature |
| Nephrostomy tube | A tube inserted through the abdominal wall into the renal pelvis to drain urine |
| Neurogenic bladder | A bladder dysfunction caused by interference with the nerve impulses concerned with urination |
| Polycystic kidney disease | A familial kidney disorder in which innumerable tiny cysts that are present congenitally gradually enlarge during aging to compress and eventually destroy normal tissues. |
| Pyelonephritis | Inflammation of the renal pelvis and nephron |
| Pyuria | The presence of pus in the urine created by its drainage from renal abscesses into the kidney’s collecting tubules |
| Renal agenesis | The absence of the kidney on one side, with an unusually large kidney on the other side |
| Renal calculi | Stone in the kidney or urinary system |
| Renal colic | Severe, agonizing pain that refers along the course of a ureter toward the genital and loin regions in response to the movement of a renal calculus |
| Renal cyst | An acquired adult condition of a cyst located in the kidney, generally benign |
| Renal failure | The end result of a chronic process that gradually results in lost kidney function |
| Staghorn calculus | Large renal calculus that assumes the shape of the pelvicalyceal junction, resembling the horn of a stag |
| Supernumerary kidney | A relatively rare anomaly consisting of the presence of a third, small rudimentary kidney |
| Suprapubic catheter | Type of catheter placed in the bladder and generally used in quadriplegic patients |
| Uremia | The retention of urea in the blood, as characteristic of renal failure |
| Ureteral diverticula | An out-pouching in the ureteral wall |
| Ureteral stent | A tube used to maintain patency of the ureter with the proximal end placed in the renal pelvis and the distal end placed in the urinary bladder |
| Ureterocele | Cystlike dilatation of the terminal portion of the ureter as a result of stenosis of the ureteral meatus |
| Urethral valve | Congenital presence of mucosal folds that protrude into the posterior urethra, which may cause significant obstruction to urine flow |
| Urinary meatus | The opening from the urethra to the external |
| Urinary tract infection | The most common of all bacterial infections, a UTI is an infection in the urinary tract usually caused by a gram-negative bacillus that invades by an ascending route through the urethra to the bladder to the kidney |
| Vesicoureteral reflux | The backward flow of urine out of the bladder and into the ureters |
| Adenocarcinoma of the prostate | Carcinoma derived from glandular tissue and located in the prostate gland |
| Bicornuate uterus | A uterus with paired uterine horns extending to the uterine tubes |
| Breast carcinoma | Cancer of the breast and the second leading cause for female cancer deaths in the United States |
| Cervical carcinoma | A common malignancy of the female genital system caused by an abnormal growth pattern of epithelial cells around the neck of the uterus |
| Cervical dysplasia | A common malignancy of the female genital system caused by an abnormal growth pattern of epithelial cells around the neck of the uterus |
| Corpus luteum ovarian cyst | A cyst that develops in the yellow endocrine body formed in the ovary in the site of a ruptured ovarian follicle |
| Cryptorchidism | Condition when the testes do not descend through the inguinal canal |
| Cystadenocarcinoma | Malignant neoplasm of the ovary; generally occurs in women over the age of 40 years |
| Cystic teratoma/Dermoid cysts | Cystic masses arising from unfertilized ova, containing hair, fat, or bone, and located in an ovary |
| Ectopic pregnancy | A pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum is implanted outside of the uterus |
| Endometrial carcinoma | Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium that is the most common malignancy of the uterus |
| Endometriosis | A condition in which endometrial tissue implants in aberrant pelvic locations |
| Epididymo-orchitis | A testicular condition that may result in benign masses of the testes |
| Fibroadenoma | Adenoma containing fibrous tissue |
| Fibrocystic breasts | A benign, generally bilateral breast condition characterized by various-sized cysts located throughout the breasts |
| Follicular ovarian cyst | A cyst arising from the ovum |
| Hydatidiform mole | Represents an abnormal conception where there is usually no fetus, and the uterus is filled with cystically dilated chorionic villi that resemble a bunch of grapes |
| Hydrocele | A benign testicular mass consisting of a collection of fluid in the testis or along the spermatic cord |
| Hysterosalpingogram | A radiographic examination for screening of the nongravid woman; injection of contrast into the uterus and the flow into the uterine tubes reveals their patency, which may affect the ability to become pregnant |
| Leiomyoma | A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle |
| Mastitis | Inflammation of the breast, most often caused by Staphylococcus bacteria |
| Nongravid | Nonpregnant |
| Oligohydramnios | The presence of too little (less than 300 ml) amniotic fluid at term, generally associated with renal disorders in the fetus |
| Peau d’orange | Appearance of multiple small depressions on the skin surface as a result of hair follicles becoming visible from skin edema, as might occur with breast cancer |
| Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) | A bacterial infection of the female genital system, most often caused by bacteria |
| Pessary | A device inserted into the vagina to provide proper support to a uterus that lacks proper support |
| Placental abruption | A condition that occurs when the normally implanted placenta may prematurely separate from the uterus |
| Placental percreta | An abnormal adhesion of the placenta to the uterine wall |
| Placenta previa | The condition in which the placenta develops in the lower half of the uterus, encroaching or on, and completely or partially covering, the internal cervical os |
| Prostatic hyperplasia | A common benign enlargement of the prostate gland caused by the development of discrete nodules within the organ |
| Sonohysterography | A sonographic examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes where normal saline is injected into the uterus |
| Spermatocele | A cystic dilatation of the epididymis |
| Testicular choriocarcinoma | A malignant germ cell tumor of the testicle |
| Testicular embryonal carcinoma | A malignant germ cell tumor of the testicle |
| Testicular seminoma | A malignant germ cell tumor of the testicle |
| Testicular teratoma | A malignant germ cell tumor of the testicle |
| TURP | A procedure known as transurethral resection of the prostate; performed by passing an endoscope through the urethra to core out the gland |
| Unicornuate uterus | A uterus whose uterine cavity is elongated and has a single uterine tube emerging from it |
| Uterine fibroid | Common misnomer for a leiomyoma that has been replaced largely by fibrous scar tissue |
| Uterus didelphys | Complete duplication of the uterus, cervix, and vagina |
| Atelectasis | Loss of air in a lung resulting from a partial or total collapse of a lung |
| Avulsion fracture | A fracture in which a fragmented bone is pulled away from the shaft, usually occurring around a ligament or tendon, and often with muscle-tearing, as is associated with a sprain or dislocation |
| Basilar fracture | A skull fracture that may demonstrate air-fluid levels in the sphenoid sinus or clouding of the mastoid air cells radiographically |
| Closed fracture | A fracture that does not produce an open wound |
| Closed reduction | Manipulation of a fracture that may require anesthetic and then application of a splint or cast |
| Coma | A state of unconsciousness from which the patient cannot be aroused |
| Comminuted fracture | A fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed |
| Compression fracture | A fracture produced by compression |
| Concussion | Brief loss of consciousness as a result of a blow to the head |
| Contrecoup lesion | A contusion formed on the opposite side of the skull in reference to a trauma site |
| Contusion | An injury in which the tissue is bruised but not broken |
| Coup lesion | A contusion formed on the side of the head in which trauma occurs |
| Depressed fracture | A fracture of the skull in which a fragment is depressed inward |
| Dislocation | The displacement of any part out of contact with its normal articulation |
| Fatigue fracture | A fracture that occurs at sites of maximal strain on a bone, usually in connection with unaccustomed activity and most frequently found in the metatarsals |
| Fracture | The breaking or rupturing of bone caused by mechanical forces either applied to the bone or transmitted directly along the line of a bone |
| Greenstick fracture | A fracture in which the cortex breaks on one side without separation or breaking of the opposing cortex. |
| Growth plate fracture | A fracture that involves the end of a long bone of a child, and that may be limited to growth-plate cartilage or extend into the metaphysis, epiphysis, or both |
| Hangman’s fracture | A fracture of the arch of the second cervical vertebra, usually accompanied by anterior subluxation of the second cervical vertebra on the third cervical vertebra; also known as atraumatic spondylosis. results from acute hyperextension of the head. |
| Hematoma | A localized collection of blood in an organ, space, or tissue as a result of a break in the wall of a blood vessel |
| Impacted fracture | A fracture that occurs when one of the fractured bone ends is jammed into the cancellous tissue of another fragment |
| Incomplete fracture | A fracture in which only part of the bony structure gives way, with little or no displacement |
| Jefferson’s fracture | A burst fracture of the vertebral arch resulting from a severe axial force that causes compression, such as a diving accident |
| Level I trauma center | Medical center that can provide total care for all injuries and treats 1,200 admissions per year or 240 major trauma patients per year. Technologists must be available on call. |
| Level II trauma center | Medical facility serving as a community trauma center. These institutions can handle the majority of trauma cases and transport patients to level I facilities only when necessary. |
| Level III trauma center | Medical center usually located in remote rural areas and serves communities that do not have a level II center. Radiologic technologists are generally in house for most of the day but may be available on call during late evening and nighttime hours. |
| Linear fracture | A fracture that extends lengthwise through a bone |
| Noncomminuted fracture | A fracture in which the bone separates into two fragments |
| Occult fracture | A fracture that gives clinical signs of its presence without radiologic evidence; follow-up within 10 days reveals bone resorption or displacement at the fracture site |
| Open fracture | A fracture in which the bone has penetrated the skin |
| Open reduction | Manipulation of a fracture requiring orthopedic hardware to maintain fracture reduction or when an open fracture needs irrigation |
| Pneumoperitoneum | The presence of air or gas in the peritoneal cavity |
| Pneumothorax | An accumulation of free air or gas in the pleural space that compresses the lung tissue |
| Stress fracture | A fracture that occurs at a site of maximal strain on a bone, usually connected with some unaccustomed activity (also known as march, stress, or insufficiency fractures) |
| Subluxation | An incomplete or partial dislocation |
| Torus fracture | A fracture in which the cortex folds back upon itself, with little or no displacement of the lower end of the bone |
Created by:
RT2017
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