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The Skin etc
Lakeytra Jackson Notes On the Skin
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Skin | makes up about 10% of our body weight |
| Epidermis | is the outermost layer and it contains melanocytes; it is also th ethinnest layer |
| Melanocytes | are responsible for the pigmentation and skin color |
| Dermis | is the middle layer of skin and it contains fibroblast that are responsible for excreting collagen and elastin proteins; assist in regulating the body temperature |
| Subcutaneous layer | also known as the hypodermis, is the ineermost layer and contains atipost or fatty tissue and connective tissue |
| The skin is prone to | 1,000 problems. They usually fall in 1 of 9 categories |
| Rash | is the most common skin problem |
| Acne | is the inflammation usually on the face or neck and is caused by increased activity in the subaceous glands( glands that secrete oil and aid in the body's defense against bacteria.) The oil is called sebum. Usually occurs during puberty or hormonal change |
| Common medications for acne are | benzoid peroxide(topical), zithromax(oral or injection), and tetracycline(oral) |
| Fungal infections | are susceptible to our skin and nails |
| Candiasis | shows up as thrush in the mouth or vaginal yeast infection. |
| Wing worms | are caused by microorganism fungus that affects th ehorny layer of the skin or nail |
| Althelete's foot | can occur on other areas outside of the feet |
| Common treatments for fungal infections are | butenafine(generic) lotrimin Ultra, Mentax (brands), terbinafine(generic) Lamisil AT (brand) |
| Clotrimazole(lotrimin, GYN-lotrimin (topical), mycelex(oral) mycelex troche) | treat candiasis |
| Systemic mycoses | is a condition where fungus is internally and externally and can cause death |
| Mucocutaneous infections | effects a region of skin composed of mucosa and cutaneous skin. These mostly occur in the mouth,or the orices(openings)in the body where the external skin stops and the mucosa that covers the inside starts |
| a mucolytic zone | is located at the tip of the penis, the vulva, the perianal zone, lips, and conjunctable region |
| Puritis | is itching and is associated with various disorders |
| medications to treat puritis is | anithistamines |
| Urticaria | is hives or systemic whels |
| Atopic | is a disorder that affects the top layer of skin |
| photosensitivity | is sensitivity to the sun and is caused by certain medications. It simply stay put of the sun and become sunburned easily and have difficulty seeing in bright light |
| phototoxicity | is a property of some of the chemicals used in medications that is when exposed to light become toxic to the cells |
| Lots of skin disorders are treated with | corticosteroids |
| Drugs that cause photosensitivity | All Ace Inhibitors,Antibiotics - grifulvin(griseofulvin),Quinolones-cipro,levaquin,etc.,sulfa meds-bactrim(sMZ-TMP), and TCN antibiotics (tetracyclines) |
| Drugs that casue photosensitivity | Antidepressants-clomipramine,maprotiline,zoloft(sertraline),TCA's(tricyclic antidepressants) , Antihistamines-cyproheptadine,benadryl(diphenhydramine), Cardiovascular drugs- amiodarone,cardiazem(diltiazem),quinidine, zocor(simvastatin) and sotalol(beta p |
| Drugs that cause photosensitivity | Antipsycotics-Geodon,ALL chemotherapy agents, diuretics-lasix, hypoglycemics- sulfonylureas, and ALL NSAIDS |
| Rash | is a condition characterized by redness and inflammation. |
| Most common types of rashes | is an allergic reaction due to medications, poison ivy,poison oak, or poison sumac or something you came in contact with |
| Creams | are generally prescribed by phisicians for wet oozing legions |
| ointments | are generally prescribed by dermatologist to treat dry skin problems |
| Creams and ointments | are not innerchangeable. Doing this can cause treatment failure |
| Eczema | is an inflammatory skin condition that is characterized by itching, redness,blistering,and oozing |
| Immunomodulator | is any agent that effects the immune system in any way |
| FDA approves 2 meds for eczema | for atopic mild to moderate eczema-Elidel(primerolimus)-a cream, for protopic severe eczema- tacrolimus ointment |
| Psorisis | chronic noncaontagious condition in which epidermis cells multiply and die at an excessive rate causing red and scaly skin and it occurs due to genetics, injury,illness, and emotional stress |
| treatments for psorisis are | Amevive(alefacept)-IM or IV Infusion, Remicade(infliximab)-IV Infusion, Enbrel(etanercept)-subcutaneous infection, Raptiva (efalizumab)-subcutaneous injection q wk, oral elidel(primerolimus)-20mg to 30mg orally bid |
| Dandruff | shedding of the skin from your scalp |
| Treatment for dandruff are | selenium sulfide-it can be found in Selsun Blue, Head and Shoulder's to control the dandruff |
| Rosacea | a chronic disorder with an inflammatory vascular component like papules and pustukes, and arithmia in which may become infected. Triggered by stress, temeprature, spicy foods, and alcohol and hot foods |
| Rosacea is treated with | antimicrobials, like Azelex(topical), Oracea(oral) |
| Shingles, cold sores, warts, and chicken pox are caused by the same virus: | epsteinbar virus |
| Shingles and chicken pox are | highly contagious |
| Shingles and chicken pox are mainly treated with | antiviral medications. Ancyclovir(zovirax) |
| Cold sores | are treated with abreva, whic is antiviral like agent. |
| Warts | is treated with Compound W |
| Impetigo | superficial but contagious skin infection that is caised by staph or strep virus ;mostly treated with bactroban: if multiple legions use systemic therapy eith broad spectrum antibiotics |
| Parasites | are mites and lice |
| Mites | external particles that use the human body as a host |
| Lice and scabies are | the two that inhabit the human body |
| Human body lice | wingless insects that live on humans. Human blood is their nutritionment and it is contagious |
| Scabies | starts on surface and then borrow down into the skin and remain until treated |
| Pediculosis | infestation with lice: head, body, and pubice(crabs) |
| Pediculosis can be treated with | Evirax(crotamiton)cream or lotion,Lindane shampoo or lotion,Elmite(permethrin)cream or lotion and is used for scabies and lice, and OTC Drugs-NIX and RID |
| Burns can be characterized by | cause and classified by degree |
| thermal burn | caused by heat or fire |
| chemicla burn | contact with acid such as insecticides and bleach |
| electrical burn | contact with electrical current. Lightening is an example |
| Friction burn | harsh rubbing of the skin; road rash is an example |
| Sunburn | overexposure to the sun |
| 1st degree burn | limited damage to the epidermis. Its called a superficial burn |
| 2nd Degree burn | damage to the epidermis and the dermis. Redness,pain,and edema may occur.Its a moderate burn |
| 3rd degree burn | destrcution of th epidermis,dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. It has a leathery dry black,white, or cherry red apperance. No blistering occurs because no skin is left to blister. It is considered a critical burn |
| 4th degree burn | total destruction of all skin tissue, muscles, tendons, ligiments, and bones. They are critical to fatal in nature. |
| Body surface area is calculated doing the | rule of nine's |
| Rule of Nine's | is used to estimate the amount of body surface area that was burned |
| Head | 9% of body |
| Chest and abdomen | 18% |
| Upper/mid/low back and buttocks | 18% |
| Each arm | 9% |
| Each leg | 18% |
| Groin | 1% |
| Actinic Keratosis | a precancerous condition resulting from overexposure to sunlight |
| Basil cell carcinoma | It is the most common form of skin cancer. It rarely spreads and is found alot in (OTR) Over The Road truck drivers |
| Keratoacanthoma | an epithelial tumor that 1st grows rapidly but heals |
| melanoma | a highly malignant cancer that forms from melaoncytes and sunburn increases the risk |
| squamous cell carcinoma | the most rapid growing cancer. mestasis is uncommon |
| skin cancers are treated with | retinoid |
| Side effects of retinoid are | intense arithemia which occurs at the beginning of treatment . |
| Hydrocortizone, lidocaine, aloe vera gel, vitamin A,C, and E are other things | used to reat skin cancer |
Created by:
lakeytra.jackson
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