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The skin notes
Ariene, "The SKIN and Drugs used to treat DISORDERS"
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The skin as an organ | makes up 10% of body weight |
| Skin is the largest organ of the body and is alive. | the skin needs water and oxygen to survive |
| The skin contain Meloncytes. What do they do? | responsible for the skin's pigmentation or color |
| What are the dermis fibroblast responsible for? | Protiens collogen and allastin, also assist in regulating the body temp. |
| What are the 3 layers of the skin? | Epidermis(thinnest top layer)Dermin (middle layer w/ fibroblast)SC(hyperdermis)innermost layer that contains the fatty tissue, attapost, and connective tissue. |
| How many common skin problems are there? | over 1,000 |
| How many categories and which one is the most common? | 9 categories and the rash is the most common. |
| What is Acne Vulgaris? | inflamation of the skin , face, or neck. |
| What is Acne Vulgaris caused by? | increase activity of the SC glands during puberty. The glands secrete oil. |
| sebum | oil the glands secrete that aids the body in fighting bacteria. |
| Acne Vulgaris, COMMON MEDS: | BENZO PEROXIDE(T), TETRACYCLINE(O), ZITHROMAX(O,INJ.) |
| FUNGAL INFECTIONS COMMON TO HUMANS | Candidiasis, Ring worm, Athelete's foot |
| Candidiasis | shows up as thrust or vag. yeast infection |
| Ring Worms | cause by microscopic fungus that infect horny of scally area of the nail. |
| Atheletes' Feet(tenapedis) | cured by Gold Bond(T) or Blue Star Ont. |
| Treatment for Fungal Infection | Lotrim Ult(butenafine){T} kills fungusLamisil At (terbinafine){T}kills fungusLotrim Gyn (clortimazole){T,O} candiasis and yeast inf. |
| 3 Categories under FUNGAL INFECTIONS | drugs for systemic mycosisdrugs for mucocutaneous infdrugs for Topical mucocutaneous inf |
| Systemic Mycosis | affect the entire body inside and out and can cause DEATH. Pts. who are immuno compromised get it. |
| Mucocutaneous inf | affect the region of the skin of both Mucosa(inside) and cutaneoius(outside) |
| Mucocutaneous inf occurs where | near the orpheouis of the body. Where external skin meets internal. around the mouth, tip of penis, eyes, volva and perianal zone. |
| 5 Skin dissorder : All can be cured w/ corticosteroids(T) | Puritis,Urticaria,ATopic,Photosensitivity, and Phototoxicity |
| Puritis(itching) | skin dissorder that makes you itch. Cured by ANTIHISTAMINES |
| Urticaria (hives) | systemic itching wheals. Cured by Diphenhydramine |
| Atopic (on top of the skin) | only affect the top of the skin |
| Photosensitivity (sensitivity to the sun) | caused by many Meds. PTs with this condition have to stay out of the sun, or they can become ill, easily sun burned, or have difficulty seeing in bright lights |
| Phototoxicity | a property of some chemicals used in Meds. that when exposed to light become toxic to the cells. |
| 10 Photosensitivity Drugs | ACE INHIBITORS |
| ANTIBIOTICS: Grifulvin(griseofulvin), Quinolones(cipro, Levaquin), Sulfa Meds(bactrim, SMZ,TMP), and TCN antibiotics | SMZ-sulfamethoxzole,TMP-trimethaprime,TCN-tetracycline |
| ANTIDEPRESSANTS: Cyproheptadine, Benadryl(diphenhydromine) | CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS:Amiodarone,Cardiazem(diltiazem),quinidine, Zocor(simvastatin),Sotalol(betapace) |
| ANTIPSYCHOTICS: Geodon | CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS: ALL OF THEM |
| DIURETICS: Lasix (furosimide) | HYPOGLYCEMICS: subclass (Sulfonylureas) |
| NSAIDS: | ALL OF THEM |
| 10 ALLERGIC AND INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS | RASH, ECZEMA, PSORIASIS, DANDRUFF, ROSACEA, SHINGLES, WARTS, IMPETIGO, MITES(lice), AND PEDICULOSIS |
| RASH | charact. by redness and inflammation. |
| most common type of RASH | allergic(poison ivy, etc...) or dermatitis(contact) |
| rashes are cured by creams and oint. | CREAMS- prescribed by PHYSICIANS,to treat wet oozing leasions.OINT-prescribed by DERMATOLOGISTS, for dry skin usually oily and petroleum based(unlike a cream) |
| ECZEMA-inflammation skin condition | characterized by itching, redness, blistering, and oozing. |
| FDA approved 2 Meds. | Immunomodulator- affects the body in some way.ATOPIC-Ellidel(primecolemis)-a cream for mild to moderate PROTOPIC TACROLIMUS-oint. for severe eczema. |
| PSORISIS | Cronic noncontagious in which wpidermis cells multiply and die at an excessive rate. Producing patches of red scally skin. |
| Psorisis is due to | genetic, illness, injury, or emotional stess |
| Psorisis treatment | Amevive(alefacept){IM,IV INFUSION}Remicade(infliximab){IV INFUSION}Enbrel(etanercept){SCinj.}Raptiva(efalizumab){SCinj q wk.}Oral Elidel(promcrolimus) {20-30mg orally bid} |
| DANDRUFF | sheading of the skin from the scalp. Cured by Selenium Sulfide |
| ROSACEA | a chronic disorder w/an inflammatory vascular component erythema(painful), papualues, and pustuales. which may become infected. |
| Rosacea triggers | stress, temp, hot drinks, alcohol, spicy foods |
| Rosacea treatments | antimicrobials: (T) Azelex and (O) Oracea |
| SHINGLES | herpes, chicken pox, cold sores, and warts are all caused by THE EPSTEINBAR VIRUS. |
| LARGEST issue w/ shingles and chicken pox | very contagious and they hurt! |
| Shingles, cold sores, chicken pox,and warts are Treated with: | antiviruls: ZOVARAX(acyclovir){O,T,or IV}. Chicken pox and shingles ABRIVA(docosanol){OTC}. Herpes I cold sores antiviral-like agent. Warts-Compound W asolic acid. |
| IMPETIGO | superficial highly contagious skin infection. |
| staphcacousis | strept virus that causes by staph or strept. |
| Impetigo Tx w/ ? | Bactroban(bupurician){T}. Multiple leasions Tx w/broad spectrum antibiotics systemic theropy {O or INJ} |
| Mites and Lice | host that inhibit the human body. The only 2 human lice that are wingless, live on animals, and eat human blood for nurishment. |
| Scabbies | starts on the surface and burrow in to the top layer of skin until treated. |
| PEDICULOSIS | infestation w/ lice. |
| 3 kinds of Lice | head, body and pubic(crabs) |
| Lice Tx w/ | Rx. Eurax(crotamiton) crea.& loti.,Rx. Lindane shamp. & loti.,Rx. Elmite(permethi) crea. & loti.OTC. RID,Nix ALL CAN BE USED FOR LICE AND SCABBIES |
| Burns | are characterized by TYPES and classified by DEGREE |
| 5 burn TYPES | thermal, chemical, electrical, friction, and sunburn |
| Thermal | heat or fire. boiling water open flame |
| Chemical | acid of bases. bleaches, insectasides |
| Electrical | electrical current |
| Friction | anything that rubs across the skin |
| Sunburn | overly exposure to the sun |
| 1st degree | limted damage to epidermis. redness and pain on the surface. |
| 2nd degree | damage to the epidermis and dermis. redness, blistering, mild to moderate edema(swelling), burning and pain. |
| 3rd degree | DISTRUCTION to the epidermis, dermis, and SC tissue. Leathery white, black, or cherry red appearance.No blistering and CRITICAL BURNING |
| 4TH DEGREE | TOTAL DISTRUCTION TO ALL OF SKIN TISSUE muscle tendens, ligaments, and bones. Usually result in DEATH! |
| BSA Rule of 9s | head 9%, chest&abdomen 18%, back&but 18%, ea. arm 9%, ea. leg 18%, groin area 1% |
| 5 Precancerous and Skin Cancers | Actinic Keratosis, Basil Cell Carcinoma, Keratoacanthoma, Melanoma, and Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
| Actinic Keratosis | over exp. to sunlight. NOT CANCER YET! |
| Basil Cell Carcinoma(most common skin cancer) | slow growing, rarely matastisizes(spreads). FOUND IN OTR- over the road truck driver because of the constant sunlight exp. |
| Keratoacanthoma | epithelial tumor that grows rapidly but usually regresses and heals. |
| Melanoma | highly malignant cancer that forms from melanocytes. Sun burn increases the risk. |
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | most rapid growing skin cancer, matastasis is uncommon. Tx Retanoid Compounds, Hydrocortison, Lidocain, Aloevera gel, Vit. A,C,&E |
| SIDE EFFECTS TO Retanoid Compuonds | Erythema(painful) occurs at the beginning of treatment. |
Created by:
ariene.woodland
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