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ARRT Content specs
Image Acqusition and Equipment Operation
| Answer | |
|---|---|
| How does mAs affect receptor exposure/density/ quantity? | They have a direct relationship. mAs increases, density increases and vice versa. |
| How does mAs affect contrast/quality? | It doesn't. |
| How does mAs affect spatial resolution/recorded detail? | It doesn't (Pg 299). |
| How does mAs affect distortion? | It doesn't. |
| How does kVp affect receptor exposure/density/quantity? | Directly. If kVP increases, quantity increase and vice versa (Pg 317). |
| How does kVp affect contrast/quality? | Indirectly. If kVp increases, contrast decreases. High kVp = short scale contrast (Pg315). |
| How does kVP affect spatial resolution/recorded detail? | It doesn't. |
| How does kVp affect distortion? | It doesn't. |
| How does SID affect receptor exposure/density/quantity? | Indirectly. As SID increases, quantity decreases. (Less beam reaching image receptor (Pg 318)) |
| How does SID affect contrast/quantity? | It doesn't. |
| How does SID affect spatial resolution/recorded detail? | Directly. As SID increases, spatial resolution increases, and vice versa (Pg 301). |
| How does SID affect distortion? | Indirectly. As SID increases, distortion decreases and vice versa (Pg 301). |
| How does OID affect receptor exposure/density/quantity? | it doesn't. |
| How does OID affect contrast/quality? | Directly. Only in Air Gap technique. Higher OID, shorter contrast (Pg 329). |
| How does OID affect spatial resolution/recorded detail? | Indirectly. As OID increases, spatial resolution decreases and vice versa (Pg 301). |
| How does OID affect distortion? | Directly. As OID increases, distortion increases and vice versa (pg 303). |
| How does Focal Spot Size affect receptor exposure/density/quantity? | it doesn't. |
| How does Focal Spot Size affect contrast/quality? | it doesn't |
| How does Focal Spot Size affect spatial resolution/recorded detail? | Indirectly. As Focal Spot Size increases, spatial resolution decreases and vice versa (Pg 305). |
| How does Focal Spot Size affect distortion? | it doesn't. |
| How does Grid Ratio affect receptor exposure/density/quantity? | Indirectly. As grid ratio increases, quantity decreases. (Less # of electrons hitting the receptor (Pg323)) |
| How does grid ratio affect contrast/quality? | Directly. As grid ratio increases, contrast increases. (Grids reduce scatter, allowing higher energy photons to reach the receptor)( Pg347) |
| How does grid ratio affect spatial resolution/recorded detail? | it doesn't. |
| How does grid ratio affect distortion? | it doesn't |
| How does collimation/tube restriction affect receptor exposure/density/quantity? | Directly. As collimation field size increases, quantity increases. (More # of photons reaching the image receptor) (Pg 336) |
| How does collimation/tube restriction affect contrast/quality? | Indirectly. The higher the collimation field size, decrease in contrast. (more grays in image, long scale contrast) |
| How does collimation/tube restriction affect spatial resolution/recorded detail? | It doesn't |
| How does collimation/tube restriction affect distortion? | it doesn't. |
| How does beam restriction/beam filtration affect receptor exposure/density/quantity? | Indirectly. As beam filtration increases, quantity decreases. (less photons hitting receptor)(Pg 336) |
| How does beam restriction/beam filtration affect contrast/density? | Indirectly. As beam filtration increases, quality decreases. (higher energy beams hit receptor, resulting in high scale contrast aka less grays (Pg 336). |
| How does beam restriction/beam filtration affect spatial resolution/recorded detail? | it doesn't |
| How does beam restriction/beam filtration affect distortion? | it doesn't |
| How does motion affect receptor exposure/density/quantity? | It doesn't |
| How does motion affect contrast/quality? | it doesn't |
| How does motion affect spatial resolution/recorded detail? | Indirectly. As motion increases, spatial resolution deceases and vice versa (Pg 310). |
| How does motion affect distortion? | it doesn't |
| How does the Anode Heel Effect affect receptor exposure/density/quantity? | Indirectly. As the angle of the heel increases, quantity decreases and vice versa. (Lower # of photons reaching image receptor) (Pg 307) |
| How does the Anode Heel Effect affect contrast/quality? | it doesn't (Pg336) |
| How does the Anode Heel Effect affect spatial resolution/recorded detail? | it doesn't |
| How does the Anode Heel Effect affect distortion? | it doesn't |
| How does the angle of the tube affect receptor exposure/density/quantity? | It doesn't |
| How does the angle of the tube affect contrast/quality? | It doesn't. |
| How does the angle of the tube affect spatial resolution/recorded detail? | Indirectly. As the angle increases, spatial resolution decreases and vice versa (Pg 309). |
| How does the angle of the tube affect distortion? | Directly. The higher the angle, the larger the distortion and vice versa (Pg 303). |
| How does patient conditions affect receptor exposure/density/quantity? | Dependent |
| How does patient conditions affect contrast/quality? | dependent. As pathology is additive, more contrast. If pathology is destructive, less contrast (Pg 345) |
| How does patient conditions affect spatial resolution/recorded detail? | Dependent. |
| How does patient conditions affect distortion? | FX is a direct distortion |
| What are the two types of AECs? | Ionization chamber and phototimer (Pg 350) |
| Why would you use a backup timer? | in case the automatic timer fails (pg 350) |
| What are the two most important factors when using AEC? | detector selection & patient positioning (Pg 351) |
| How much does kVp increase for every 1cm increase in patient part thickness? | 2 kVp (Pg 352) |
| Pixel depth is directly related to what? | the number of shades of gray (Pg 355) |
| The smaller the pixel size, the greater the what? | Spatial resolution (Pg 355) |
| What is pixel pitch? | the distance between neighboring pixels. The higher the sampling frequency, the greater the spatial resolution (Pg 365) |
| What does an x-ray generator do? | Change mechanical energy into electrical energy (Pg 437) |
| What does a motor do? | Changes electrical energy into mechanical energy (Pg 437) |
| What are the three main components of an x-ray tube? | Anode (+), Cathode (-), and glass envelope (vacuum) (Pg 444) |
| What is the electron source in an x-ray tube? | The tungsten filament (Pg 445) |
| What is the target source and what is it made of? | The anode, made of molybdenum and tungsten (Pg 445) |
| What is the induction motor made up of? | The rotor (inside glass envelope), and stator (outside glass envelope) (Pg 446) |
| What is an image intensifiers purpose? | Brighten the image 5,000 to 20,000 times (Pg 475) |
| What does a CCD do? | converts light into an electrical charge (Pg 476) |
| Why are flat panel detectors used in fluoroscopy? | Reduction in patient dose due to increased DQE (Pg 478) |
| What are the basic components of the image intensifier? | input screen, photocathode, focusing lenses, output screen (Pg 481) |
| How does the image intensifier produce an image? | from electrical charges to light (Pg 481) |
| What does automatic brightness control do? | Maintains constant brightness and contrast onto the output screen image (Pg 482) |
| What does DICOM stand for? | Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine. |
| What does PACS stand for? | Picture Archiving Communication System |
| What does RIS stand for? | Radiology Information System |
| What does HIS stand for? | Hospital Information System |
| What does EMR/EHR stand for? | Electronic Medical Record/ Electronic Hospital Record |
Created by:
klallshous
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