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Patel Phat 162
Pharmacology {The Skin}
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Skin | The largest organ of the body.Skin makes up to 10% of your body weight.Skin needs water and oxygen to survive. |
| Layers of Skin | {Epidermis},{Dermis},{Subcutaneous tissue(Hypodermis)} |
| Epidermis | The thinnest layer of the skin. epidermis is responsible for pigmentation or skin color. |
| Dermis | Middle layer of skin, contains fibroblast. responsible for secreting protien and lasting and also regulating the body temp. |
| Subcutaneous Tissue | contains atapost or fatty tissue and connective tissue. |
| How many skin problems are there. | 1000 known problems. common problems that can cause skin problems. usually falls into nine categories. |
| Most common Skin problem. | Rash. But not only problems. |
| Vulgaries Acne (acne) | Acne is inflamation of the skin usually on the face or skin caused by increase activities of subaceous glands.Glands that secret oil and aid in the bodys defense against bacteria. |
| Oil is called | Sebum (This happens usually during puberty and hormonal change.) |
| Common medications for acne | Benzoyl peroxide, Azithromycin (Orally, Inj),Tetracycling. |
| fungal infections. | usually nails. |
| Ring worms. | caused by microscopic fungus, that infects the horny or scally layer of the skin or nails. |
| Atlehets Foot | can cause on other body parts. |
| Common Tx for fungal infections. | Butenafine(G), Lotrimin ultra, Mentax(B), Terbinafine(G), All of this medication kills fungus. Administration is topical. |
| Clortrimazole(G). Lotrimin and GYN Lotrimin both are topical. | used for candidisis. and yeast infections. |
| Systemic Mycoses. | Fungus infections entire body internally and externally or more than one area that can cause death. is called systemic mycoses. |
| Mucoutaneous infection | infection region of skin comply to both mucosa and cutanesius. outside skin. |
| Mucoutaneous infection | is mostly caused in mouth (oraphasis) of the body where external skin stops. |
| Mucoutaneous Zone. | found at the lips, around the eyes(conjunctional region). Tip of penis, volva, and perianal zone. |
| Some Skin disorders Definitions. | .................................... |
| Puritis | associated with any skin disorder, Puritis-Ichiting. Common meds used for Puritis is Antihistamine. |
| Urticaria | Medical term for hives. systemic itching wheels. |
| Atopic | on top of the skin. disorder only affects top layer of the skin. Ex Atopicdermititis. |
| Photosensitivitiy. | sensitivity to sun. simply means patient need to stay out of sun. |
| Phototocixity. | property of some of the chemicals, that are used in medicines.when exposed to the light becomes toxic to the body cells. |
| Topical {Corticosteroid} Oral, Topical | common medication used to treat skin disorder. |
| Some Photosensitivity Drugs. | ........................................ |
| ACE inhibitors. | All |
| Antibiotics. | [Grifulvin-griseofulvin],[Quinolone-Cipro,levaquin],[ sulfa meds- Bactrim(SMZ,TMP)], [TCN antibiotics- Tetracyclin], |
| Chemotherapeutic agents | All of Chemotherapy meds. |
| Diuretics | Lasix Furosmide. |
| Hypoglycemics | Subclass-Sulfonylureas. |
| NSAID's | All |
| Antidepressant | Maprotiline, Clomipramin, Zoloft,TCA's (tricyclin antidepressant.) |
| Antihistamine | Benadryl (diphenhydramine), Cyproheptadime. |
| Cardiovascular drugs. | Quinidine, Zocor ( simvastatin), amiodarone, Cardiazem (diltiazem), Sotalol ( Betapace.) |
| Allergic and Inflamatiory reactions. | ............................... |
| Rash | characterized by redness and inflamation. |
| Common Rash | allergic reaction. poison iv, poison oak. common rash is also know as contact dermititis. |
| Ointments | ususally Rx by dermatologist. mostly to treat dry skin problems. ointment are usually petroleum base. |
| Creams | generally Rx by Physician, as a rule to treat rat using legans. |
| Creams/oint. | are not interchangeable. if did can cause Tx failure. |
| Eczema | inflamatory skin condition.-Itching, redness, blistering and ozing. |
| FDA has approved new class. | Immunomodulators - any agent affects the body imune system some way. |
| FDA has approved two new medicine for Eczema. | Atopic- Elidel (primcolemus){G}; cream approved for mild to moderate atopic eczema.Protopic- Tacrolimus, for severe cases of exzema. |
| Psorisis | chronic noncontageous condition, in which epidermis cells multiply and die at a excessive rate.Producing patches of red scalling skin. occurs due to genetics, illness, injury, emotional stress. |
| Tx for Psorisis | Amevive(alefacept)-IM or IV.Remicade(infliximab)-IV infusion.Enbrel(etanercept)- SC inject.Raptiva(efalizumab)-SC inject.Elidel(pimecrolimus)-oral;20mg to 30mg orally BID. |
| Dandruff | Cosmetic problem; condition scaple skin. |
| Tx - Selsum blue. | used for dandruff. active ingredient- Selenium Sulfide. |
| Rosacea | Chronic disorder with a inflamatory vascular component. Like Erythema, Papules, Pusules. Which may became infected. |
| Rosacea cause by | Rash, Temperaure, Hot drinks, Spicy food and Alcoholic stress. |
| Rosacea Tx | with antimicrobial-one topical medication is Azelex(B), Oral - Oracea(B). |
| Just a Virus. | ........................................... |
| Shingles | Herpes, Chicken pox, cold sores, are caused by same virus called Epstein Barr Virus.Shingles and Chicken Pox are highly contageous. |
| Commonly Tx | Antiviral- Zocor(Acyclovi). Can be administred Orally, Topically, IV. |
| Cold Sores | Herpes simplex 1. Commonly Tx with Abriva(Doconasol); antiviral like agent. |
| Impetigo | Superficial but still highly contageous. Skin infection caused by staff ar strip virus. |
| Impetigo - Commonly Tx | Bactroban(Mupirocin). If multiple legion- systemic therapy- board sepctrum antibiotic. |
| Warts | used - compound W- Salicilyc acid. |
| Parasites. | ............................................. |
| Mites | external parasites. Lice and Scabies are two inhabit human body. |
| Human lice | are wingless insects. that leave on various animals.human blood is their source of nourhsment. it is contageous. |
| Scabies | start on surface. borrows into top few layers of skin. untill u Tx them. |
| Pediculosis | Infestation with lice. 3 kinds of human lice. Head, Body, Pubic. all are highly contageous. |
| Rx for lice treatment. | Elmite(permethrin) cream, lotion. OTC- Nix, RID. Elmite is also used for scabies. |
| Rx | Eurax(crotamiton) cream and lotion. |
| Rx | Lindane- Shampoo, lotion. |
| Burns. | Burns can be characterized by cause. classified by degrees. |
| Types.- Thermal | caused by heat and fire. Ex- boiling water, open flame, hot stoves. |
| Chemical | caused by acid or bases. Ex- Bleach, Concrete can give you chemical burns. |
| Electrical | Contact with electricity.Ex - lighting, wire, plugs,lightsocet. |
| Friction | harsh rubbing of skin. Ex- road rash, brush burn, indian burn, grass. |
| Sunburn. | caused by over exposed to sun. |
| Degrees.- 1st | limited damage to epidermis, redness and pain. |
| 2nd | damage to dermis and epidermis. redness and blistering mild to moderate edema and pain. its a modrate burn. |
| 3rd | destruction of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. destroy all layers of skin. lathery bry white black or cherry red appereance.no blistering occurs. considered a critical burn. |
| 4th | total destruction of all skin tissues, muscles, tandans, legaments, and bones. citical to fatal in nature. |
| Rule of Nine. | rule of nine is used to estimate the amt of body surface area is burn. |
| Head | 9% |
| Chest and abdomen | 18% |
| Upper/mid/low back and buttocks. | 18% |
| Each arm | 9% |
| Each legs | 18% |
| Groin | 1% |
| Precancers and Cancers. | .............................................. |
| {precancer} Actinic Keratosis | precancer condition resulting from over exposing to sunlight. |
| Basil cell carcinoma. | Common skin cancer. slow growing, rarely metastisizing. (spread)commonly found in road truck drivers. because their body is exposed to sun all the time. |
| Keratoacanthoma. | epithelial tumar, 1st grows rapidly but heals. |
| Melanoma | a highly malegnant cancer, forms from melonocytes. sunburn increase the risk. |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | most rapid growing skin cancer. metastasizing is uncommon. |
| Skin cancer | are mostly Tx with retinoid compounds. |
| side effects of retinoid. | Some patients get erythema occurs at the begining of Tx. its painful. |
| I=Other thing that are used. | Hydrocortizone, Aloe Vera gel, Vitamin A,C,E. |
Created by:
pankitpatel
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