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Chapter 6
Understanding Psychology by Richard A. Kasschau, Ph.D.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| central nervous system (CNS) | the brain and spinal cord |
| spinal cord | nerves that run up and down the length of the back and transmit most messages between the body and brain |
| peripheral nervous system (PNS) | nerves branching out from the spinal cord |
| neurons | the long, thin cells of nerve tissue along which messages travel to and from the brain |
| synapse | the gap that exists between individual nerve cells |
| neurotransmitters | the chemicals released by neurons, which determine the rate at which other neurons fire |
| somatic nervous system (SNS) | the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles |
| autonomic nervous system (ANS) | the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls internal biological functions |
| hindbrain | a part of the brain located at the rear base of the skull that is involved in the basic processes of life |
| midbrain | a small part of the brain above the pons that integrates sensory information and relays it upward |
| forebrain | a part of the brain that covers the brain's central core |
| lobes | the different regions into which the cerebral cortex is divided |
| electroencephalograph (EEG) | a machine used to record the electrical activity of large portions of the brain |
| computerized axial tomography (CAT) | an imaging technique used to study the brain to pinpoint injuries and brain deterioration |
| positron emission tomography (PET) | an imaging technique used to see which brain areas are being activated while performing tasks |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | an imaging technique used to study brain structure and activity |
| endocrine system | a chemical communication system, using hormones, by which messages are sent through the bloodstream |
| hormones | chemical substances that carry messages through the body in blood |
| pituitary gland | the center of control of the endocrine system that secretes a large number of hormones |
| heredity | the genetic transmission of characteristics from parents to their offspring |
| identical twins | twins who come from one fertilized egg; twins having the same heredity |
| genes | the basic building blocks of heredity |
| fraternal twins | twins who come from two different eggs fertilized by two different sperm |
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