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Section 8
Notes from CRC Exam Prep Book
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Congestive heart failure occurs when_____: | when the heart muscle is weakened or damaged over time |
| What is dyspnea? | difficulty breathing |
| what is an edema? | swelling of extremities |
| What is an arrhythmia? | abnormalities of heart rate or rhythm, |
| What is the single leading cause of death in the US? | Coronary heart disease |
| What is involved in coronary heart disease? | Stenosis, Ischemia, and Thrombus |
| What is a stenosis? | hardening and narrowing of blood vessels |
| What is an ischemia? | restriction of blood supply |
| What is a thrombus? | blood clots |
| What accommodations can be made for those with cardiovascular disease? | o Focus on fatigue and weakness o Respiratory difficulties o Stress o Reduce physical exertion, avoid temperature extremes, provide counseling |
| How do 50% of spinal cord injuries occur? | Motor vehicle accidents |
| How are spinal cord injuries described? | incomplete or complete (severation) |
| What happens when there is damage at or below the thoracic level? | Paraplegia |
| What happens where there is damage at or above c3? | require a ventialtor |
| What happens when there is damage at c4? | Needs assistance with all ADLs |
| What happens when there is damage at t12 or below? | crutches, braces, sacral lesions, loss of bladder and bowel functions |
| Hypertonia | spasticity |
| Decubitus ulcers | pressure sores |
| What happens when there is damage at t6? | autonomic hyperflexia (severe hypertension) |
| What are accommodations for SCIs? | o Personal assistant at work to help with grooming, toileting, and eating o Workstation access o Worksite access o Transportation |
| What type of MS do 85% of people have? | relapsing-remitting |
| What is relapsing-remitting ms? | (attacks of worsening neurological function followed by partial or complete recovery periods) |
| What is secondary progressive MS? | disease worsens more steadily |
| What is primary progressive MS? | no remissions |
| What are the symptoms of MS? | o Fatigue, numbness, coordination problems o Bladder dysfunction o Sexual dysfunction o Pain o Cognition dysfunction |
| What are accommodations for MS? | o Modified work schedules o Automatic door openers o Written memos o Use of large print o Temperature controls |
| What is Type 1 diabetes? | diagnosed in children, teenagers, young adults. |
| What is Type 2 diabetes? | adults, most common, begins with insulin resistance |
| What are common indicators of Diabetes? | polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, nocturia |
| Nocturia | nighttime urination |
| Polyuria | frequent urination |
| Polydipsia | frequent drinking |
| Polyphagia | frequent eating |
| What are accommodations for DM? | o Allowing for storage of medications o Modifying job tasks for requiring fine finger dexterity o Providing a rest area o Time off for dialysis |
| What are symptoms of hepatitis? | o Liver inflammation and swelling o Abdominal pain o Jaundice |
| What is the time frame for chronic pain? | Lasts more than 6 months |
| Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS/reflex sympathetic dystrophy): | neuropathic pain syndrome that develops when nervous system become overreactive. |
| What are common symptoms involved with chronic pain? | allodynia, dysthesia, hyperalgesia, hyperhidrosis |
| Allodynia | pain from stimuli that usually isnt painful |
| Dyesthesia | unpleasant sensations |
| Hyperalgesia | increased sensitivity to pain |
| Hyperhidrosis | Excessive sweating |
| What are accommodations that can be made for chronic pain? | o Use of personal attendant at work o Developing strategies to deal with work problems before they arise o Reducing or eliminating physical exertion/stress o Implement ergonomic workstation |
| What is the most common pulmonary disorder that can cause disability? | COPD |
| What are accommodations taht can be made for COPD? | Access to supplemental oxygen Avoid work environments containing pollutants |
| What are difficulties associated with TBIs? | hemiparesis, ataxia, apraxia |
| Hemiparesis | weakness on one side of the body |
| Ataxia | Coordination/gait problems |
| Apraxia | motor planning problems |
| What are the different types of hearing impairments? | conductive, sensorineural, mixed, central |
| What is conductive hearing loss? | damage involving outer or middle ear |
| What is sensorineural hearing loss? | damage involving inner ear and/or auditory nerve |
| What is mixed hearing loss? | both damage involving inner ear and/or auditory nerve and damage involving outer or middle ear |
| What is central hearing loss? | damage along auditory pathway or in brain itself |
| Prebyscusis | hearing loss as result of aging |
| What type of hearing loss is prebyscusis? | sensorineural |
| What are the different types of intellectual disorders? | Mild, moderate, severe, profound |
| What is mild intellectual disorders? | 50-55 to 70 |
| What is moderate intellectual disorders? | 34-40 to 50-55 |
| What is severe intellectual disorders? | 20-25 to 35-40 |
| What is profound intellectual disorder? | below 20-25 |
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