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Ch 5 path terms
Radiography
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Achalasia | A neuromuscular abnormality of the esophagus that results in failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax |
| Adenocarcinoma | Carcinoma derived from glandular tissue |
| Appendicitis | An inflammation of the appendix |
| Atresia | Congenital absence or abnormal closure of a normal anatomic opening |
| Carbohydrate intolerance | The inability to digest certain carbohydrates including lactose because of an acquired lactase deficiency |
| Celiac sprue | A malabsorption syndrome that occurs as a result of sensitivity to gluten, an agent found in wheat products |
| Colostomy | An artificial opening (stoma) is surgically created to the abdominal wall to allow drainage of bowel contents into a closed pouch hung outside the body |
| Crohn’s disease | A chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease of unknown etiology involving any part of the gastrointestinal tract, but commonly involving the terminal ileum; also known as regional enteritis |
| Diverticulitis | Inflammation of a diverticulum |
| Diverticulum | The presence of diverticula in the absence of inflammation |
| Dysphagia | Difficulty in swallowing |
| Endoscopy | The use of lighted instruments with optic connections to visualize disease of the esophagus and stomach, or rectum and distal colon (e.g., sigmoidoscopy) |
| Esophageal varices | Varicose veins of the esophagus that occur in patients with portal hypertension |
| Gallstone ileus | A condition in which gallstones erode from the gallbladder, creating a fistula to the small bowel that may cause a bowel obstruction |
| Gastroenteritis | General grouping of a number of inflammatory disorders of the stomach and intestines |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease | An incompetent cardiac sphincter allowing the backward flow of gastric acid and contents into the esophagus |
| Hernia | The protrusion of a part of an organ (e.g., bowel loop) through a small opening in the wall of a cavity |
| Hiatal hernia | Protrusion of any structure, especially some portion of the stomach, into the thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm |
| Hirschprung’s disease | An absence of neurons in the bowel wall, typically in the sigmoid, preventing relaxation of the colon and normal peristalsis; congenital megacolon |
| Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis | A congenital anomaly of the stomach in which the pyloric canal is greatly narrowed because of hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter |
| Ileostomy | An artificial opening (stoma) surgically created in the ileum to allow drainage of bowel contents into a closed pouch hung outside the body |
| Imperforate anus | Congenital disorder characterized by lack of an anal opening to the exterior |
| Intussusception | The prolapse of a segment of bowel into a distal segment |
| Leiomyoma | A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle |
| Malrotation | Unnatural position of the intestines caused by failure of normal rotation during embryologic development |
| Mechanical bowel obstruction | Refers to a bowel obstruction that occurs as a result of blockage of the bowel lumen. |
| Paralytic ileus | A failure of bowel peristalsis, often seen following abdominal surgery, which may result in bowel obstruction |
| Peptic ulcer | Ulceration of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum |
| Reflux esophagitis | The backward flow of gastric acids into the esophagus |
| Regional enteritis | A chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease of unknown etiology involving any part of the gastrointestinal tract, but commonly involving the terminal ileum |
| Situs inversus | Complete reversal of the viscera of the thorax and abdomen |
| Ulcerative colitis | A chronic, recurrent ulceration of the colon mucosa of unknown etiology |
| Volvulus | An intestinal obstruction caused by a twisting of the bowel about its mesenteric base |
Created by:
RT2017
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