Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Begining Pharm
First chapters review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Routes for Enteral Feedings | *Nasogastric*Gastrosomy*Nasoduodenal/nasojejunal*Jejunostomy-Short term nasogastric tubes through oral or nasal cavities. |
| Enteral Solutions | *Blenderized*Polymeric (milk-base & lactose-free)*Elemental or Monomeric |
| Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) | Involves administering high caloric nutrients through large central veins. (Example: subclavian vein) |
| Disadvantage of TPN | -3x more expensive than enteral-Higher INFECTION rate (solutions & tubings should be changed every 24 Hrs)-Necessary when GI tract is incapacitated (vomiting, malabsorption, or intestinal obstruction) |
| TPN continued | -Average Dectrose in TPN is 25%-Valsalva Maneuver: take a breath, hold it, and beat it down whild the nurse is changing bags or bottles and tubings.-TPN w/ hypertonic dextrose=hyperglycemia-Sudden interruption of TPN=hypoglycemia |
| Pharmaceutic Phase | First phase of drug action: Disintergration and dissolution-Rate limiting factors: excipients (fillers & inert substances), food, additives (alter pH), age, and form of medication |
| Pharmacokinetic Phase | Process of drug movement to achieve drug action:-Absorption-Distribution-Metabolism (biotrasformation)-Excretion (elimination) |
| First Pass Effect | process in which the drug passes to the liver first. |
| Protein-Binding Effect | Bound portion of the drug that is inactive-If too much protein bound drugs are given it causes more free drug to be released can cause toxicity! |
| Drug Metabolism | Liver is the primary site of metabolism. -Produces enzymes-When the drug metabolism rate is decreased, excess drug accumulation can occur and lead to toxicity! |
| Drug Elimination | Main route is through the kidneys (urine)-Poor renal function can lead to drug build up and lead to toxicity! |
| Creatinine Clearance | Test to determine renal function. -Normal: 85-135 ml/min-Elderly: 60 ml/min |
| BUN | Test renal function |
| Drug Half-Life (t1/2) | The time it takes for one half of the drug to be eliminated |
| Pharmacodynamics | Study of drug concentration and its effects on the body.-Onset-Peak-Duration |
| Peak Drug Level | Is the highest plasma concentration of a drug at a specific time. It indicates the RATE of ABSORPTION.-Depends on route of medication: oral takes longer than IV. |
| Trough Drug Level | The lowest plasma concentration of a drug, and it measures the rate at which the drug is being ELIMINATED.-Immediately drawn before the next dose of drug is given, regardless of drug route of administration. |
| Loading Dose | When immediate drug response is desired, a large initial dose of a drug is given to achive a rapid minimum effective concentration in the plasma. |
| Therapeutic Index (TI) | Estimates the margin of safety of a drug through the use of a ratio that measures the effective dose (ED) in 50% of persons, and lethal dose in 50% of animals.-The closer the ratio is to 1, the greater the danger of toxicity! |
| Adverse Reactions | More severe undesirable side effects. Always undesirable. *must be reported and documented! |
| Side Effects | Physiologic effects not related to the desired drug effects.- All drugs have them, desirable or undesirable. |
| Placebo Effect | Effective in approximately 1/3 of persons who take it. |
| Tachyphylaxis (tolerance) | Refers to a rapid decrease in response to the drug. -Drug categories that can cause it; narcotics, barbiturates, laxitives, and psychotropic agents. |
| Additive Drug Effect | two drugs w/ similar action are administered; the sum of the two drugs effect. |
| Synergistic Drug Effect | The clinical effect is substantially greater than the combined effect of the two. Enhances the effect of the other drug. (Greater than effect of each alone) |
| Antagonistic drug effect | Two drugs in opposing drug categories cancel drug effects of both drugs. |
| OTC: Over-The-Counter (adv. & dis adv.) | I - Safe and effectiveII - Unsafe and ineffectiveIII - Insufficient data to judge-Delay in professional dx and treament of serious/potential condition.-Symptoms may be masked-Inactive ingredients may result in ADR-Drug & drug interactions |
| Controlled Substances Categories:IIIIIIIVV | -I: drug w/ high potential for abuse. No med. use.-II: High potential abuse. Accepted med. use. Dependency-III: Med. accepted drugs. Potential abuse. May cause dependency.-IV: Med Accepted. My cause dependence-V: Med accepted. Very limited abuse |
Created by:
llunazz
Popular Pharmacology sets