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Intro to Psych Ch. 5

TermDefinition
Early Motor Development Changes in physical movement & body control Babies start to show intentional movement early in infancy Fine motor skills involve the coordination of many smaller muscles along with information from the eyes The 5 major senses develop at different rates
Early Sensory Development Hearing is almost fully developed at birth Visual sharpness improves during infancy- Age 3/ 4 children's vision is similar to adults Newborns don't see colors well- Experience is crucial in the development of vision Have depth perception- Visual cliff
Early Brain Development Eating, exercising, & learning mold our brains (especially in infancy & childhood) Learning & experience cause synaptic connections to strengthen- those not used die off (pruning) Brain continues to develop throughout lifespan
Pruning The degradation of synapses and dying off of neurons that are not strengthened by experience Nature’s way of making the brain more efficient
Early Cognitive Development Building skills such as pre-reading, language, vocabulary, and numeracy Begins from the moment a child is born
Development of Moral Reasoning Moves from being focused on the self to being increasingly focused on others, with a basis in clear personal principles of morality Developed along with cognitive skills and social skills
Early Socioemotional Development Attachment Developing Social Relationships and Emotions
Sensorimotor Stage The main focus is object permanence which is knowing an object exists, even if it is hidden. It requires the ability to form a mental representation of the object. Ages 0-2
Preoperational Stage Children are able to start thinking about things symbolically. This is the ability to make one thing stand for something other than itself. Infant still has difficulty taking the viewpoint of others Ages 2-7
Concrete Operational Stage Major turning point in the child's cognitive development Marks the beginning of logical or operational thought. Ages 7-11
Formal Operational Stage The formal operational stage begins at age eleven and lasts into adulthood. During this time, people develop the ability to think about abstract concepts, and logically test hypotheses Ages 12 & up
Ecocentrism A child's inability to see a situation from another person's point of view
Conservation The logical thinking ability According to Piaget, is not present until the concrete operational stage The object or the volume doesn't change based on the size of a container Even if the containers are different sizes, the amount is the same
Preconventional Level Focusing on avoiding punishment or maximizing rewards (Children)
Conventional Level The person starts to value caring, trust, and relationships, as well as the social order and lawfulness (Adolescents)
Post- Conventional Level Person recognizes universal moral rules that may trump unjust or immoral local rules (Adults)
Imprinting Rapid and innate learning of the characteristics of a caregiver very soon after birth (protector, seen in animals)
Separation Anxiety Emotional distress reaction shown by babies when they are separated from their primary caregiver (typically 9 months
Attachment Strong emotional connection that develops early in life between infants and their caregivers (Humans)
Kohlberg's Development of Moral Reasoning Pre-conventional Conventional Post- conventional
Why are babies more adaptable to new languages? Babies brains haven't fully developed, It is easier for them to absorb new information.
What are the prime ages to learn a new language? Before the age of 1 (Infancy)
What is the best means to learning a new language? Human interaction
What sense is almost fully developed at birth? Hearing
Schema Building block of knowledge
Assimilation Using the existing schema to deal with a new situation Seeing an office chair and grouping it with a normal chair
Created by: kristaj
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