Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chap 18 CT
Modalities. Chap 18 Bontrager CT. Brain
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ____ are specialized cells that conduct electrical impulses. | Nueurons or nerve cells |
| Each neuron is composed of what 3 things | axon, cell body, dendrites. |
| _______ are processes that conduct impulses toward the neuron cell body. _____ is a process that leads away from the cell body. | dendrites, axon. |
| _____ neuron is one with several dendrites and a single axon. | multipolar. (conducts impulses from spinal cord to muscle tissue) |
| What makes up the gray matter? The white matter? | dendrites and cell bodies make up gray, axons make up white. |
| CNS has two main divisions: | Brain, Spinal cord |
| Spinal cord terminates at what level? This tapered area is called what? | lower border of L1, conus medullaris |
| The subarachnoid space, which contains CSF, surrounds the brain and cord. It ends at what level | lower S2 |
| A common lumbar puncture site? | L3-L4 |
| Brain and spinal cord are surrounded by 3 protective coverings called _______. Starting externally, what are the layers? | meninges. Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater. |
| ____ mater is strong, fibrous, and has an inner and outer layer. | dura |
| The inner layers of dura mater below these sinuses (venous or dura mater sinuses) join to form the | falx cerebri. |
| ______ extends down into the longitudinal fissure between the two cerebral hemispheres | falx cerebri |
| What membrane encloses the entire surface of the brain and dips into each of the fissures and sulci? | Pia mater |
| where is the arachnoid mater? | between the pia and dura mater |
| between the dura mater and the inner table of the skull is a potential space called | epidural space |
| Between the dura and arachnoid mater is a narrow space called ______. | subdural space |
| between the arachnoid and the pia mater is a comparatively wide space called _______. Normally filled with CSF. | subarachnoid space. |
| two spaces that are potential sites for hemorrhage after trauma to head? | epidural and subdural |
| 3 divisions of the brain | forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain |
| The combo of what 3 things makes up the brainstem? | midbrain, pons, medulla |
| What makes up the forebrain? 3 | cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus |
| Short, constricted portion of the upper brainstem connects the forebrain to the hindbrain? | midbrain |
| Hindbrain consists of | Pons, medulla, cerebellum |
| 5 lobes of the cerebrum? (each cerebral hemisphere/side has 5 lobes) | frontal, parietal, occipital, temperal, and the insula or central lobe. (all lobes are under corresponding cranial bone, insula is more centrally located and cant be seen) |
| Cerebrum is partially separated by a deep _______ in the MSP, divides it into left and right hemispheres. | longitudinal fissure |
| convulution or raised areas on the brain are termed | gyrus |
| what is a sulcus? what is the importance of the central sulcus of the cerebrum? | shallow groove, central divides the frontal and parietal lobes and is a landmark used to ID specific sensory areas of the cortex. |
| Two gyri that can be ID'd in the cerebrum are | anterior central and a posterior central gyrus |
| Difference between a sulcus and a fissure? | a fissure is a deeper groove, sulcus is shallow. |
| What is the corpus callosum and where is it located? | its an arched mass of fibers (white matter) that connects the two cerebral hemispheres. It is deep within the longitudinal fissure |
| The ventricular system of the brain is connected to the ____ space. There are _____ cavities. | subarachnoid. 4. (each cavity is filled with CSF.. subarachnoid has CSF..) |
| The right and left ventricles are located in the | right and left cerebral hemispheres |
| the third ventricle is a single ventricle that is located ____ and ____ to the lateral ventricles | centrally and inferior |
| CSF is formed in the ___________ in specialized capillary beds called _____. | lateral ventricles, choroid plexus. (which filter the blood to form CSF) |
| Specialized capillary beds called choroid plexus do what | filter the blood to form CSF |
| how many mL of CSF is formed daily? How much is present within and around the entire CNS? | 500mL daily, 140 mL present |
| Which ventricle has 4 parts? what are those parts? | lateral ventricles. Each has a body, & 3 projections: anterior/frontal horn, posterior/occipital horn, temporal horn. |
| Each lateral ventricle connects to the third ventricle through an | interventricular foramen |
| The pineal gland is attached to the roof of the posterior part of the ___ ventricle, directly above the cerebral aqueduct. | third. (cerebral aqueduct connects 3rd to 4th) |
| The cavity of the 3rd ventricle connects with 4th through a passage called | cerebral aqueduct |
| The diamond shaped 4th ventricle connects with a wide portion of the subarachnoid space called the | cisterna cerebellomedullaris |
| on each side of the 4th ventricle is a lateral extension termed _________, which also connects with the _______ space. | lateral recess, subarachnoid |
| Hydrocephalus is | an excessive accumulation of CSF within the ventricles. Could be caused by a blockage |
| Various larger areas within the subarachnoid space are called ______. The largest being | cisterns. Cistern cerebellomedularis |
| Secondary puncture site? What is the primary puncture site? | Cistern cerebellomedularis is the 2nd site, L3-L4 is the first |
| What consists of two oval masses that form part of the walls of the third ventricle and is just superior to the midbrain? | Thalamus |
| _____ serves as an interpretation center for certain sensory impulses such as pain, temp, touch, and emotions and memory. | Thalamus |
| The thalamus and hypothalamus together make up the _____ portion of the forebrain. | diencephalon |
| _______ forms the floor and lower walls of the third ventricle. | hypothalamus |
| 3 significant structures associated with the hypothalamus? | infundibulum, posterior pituitary gland, optic chiasma |
| ____ is a conical process that projects downward and ends in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland | infundibulum |
| the infundibulum plus the posterior pituitary gland are known as the | neurohypophysis |
| What controls homeostasis? | hypothalamus |
| The hindbrain consists of what 3 things | cerebellum, pons, medulla |
| What is the largest portion of the hindbrain? & is also 2nd largest portion of the entire brain. | cerebellum |
| _____ gland is an endocrine gland, it secretes hormones that aid in regulation of certain secretory activities | pineal |
| Which gland secretes hormones, and controls a wide range of functions including growth and reproductive functions | pituitary |
| Which gland is located in and protected by the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone and is attached to the hypothalamus of the brain by the infundibulum? | pituitary |
| The right and left hemisphere of the cerebellum is united by a narrow median strip called the | vermis |
| Toward the superior end of the anterior surface is the wide, shallow anterior cerebellar notch. What ventricle is located here, separating the pons and medulla from the cerebellum? | 4th ventricle |
| Inferiorly, along the posterior surface, the cerebellar hemispheres are separated by the _________ | posterior cerebellar notch. |
| An extension of the dura mater, termed the ________, is located within the posterior cerebellar notch | falx cerebelli |
| The cerebellum coordinates/controls what? | motor functions of the body, such as posture and balance and coordination |
| Gray matter forms the outer cerebral cortex, whereas the brain tissue under the cortex is white matter. What is this white matter termed? | Centrum semiovale |
| Deep within the cerebrum, inferior to the centrum semiovale (white matter under outer cerebral cortex), is more gray matter termed the _______ or ______ | cerebral nuclei or basal ganglia |
| On a CT scan, areas of white matter include the _______ and _________. Gray matter areas include the ____, ______, & _________. | corpus callosum, centrum semiovale. Cerebral nuclei, thalamus, and cerebral cortex |
| _________ or ______ are paired collections of gray matter deep within each cerebral hemisphere. | cerebral nuclei, or basal ganglia |
| There are 4 specific areas or groupings of these cerebral nuclei. What are they? | caudate nucleus, lentiform, claustrum, amygdaloid |
| Their are ___ pairs of cranial nerves | 12 |
| Axons leaving each eyeball travel via the optic nerves to the optic ______. After passing through that, the fibers form an optic ______, Each optic _____ enters the brain and terminates in the _________. | chiasma. Tract, Tract, thalamus |
Created by:
Zoest35
Popular Radiology sets