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Anatomy ch 20
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The organs of the urinary system are | Paired kidneys, paired ureters, a bladder, & a urethra |
| A renal corpuscle includes the | Glomerulus and glomerular capsule |
| A nephron consist of | A renal corpuscle and a renal tubule |
| The parts of a renal tubule in correct sequence from beginning to end | Proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of nephron loop, ascending limb of nephron loop, & distal convoluted tubule |
| A renal corpuscle is a _____, whereas a renal tubule is a _____. | Cluster of blood capillaries and glomerular capsule Highly coiled tubule exiting the glomerular capsule |
| Once in the glomerular capsule, the filtrate moves into the | Renal tubule |
| The reabsorption of glucose occurs primarily through the walls of the | Proximal convoluted tubule |
| What increases the rate of glomerular filtration? | Increased blood pressure |
| What regions of the nephron is water actively transported? | None of the above |
| As a result of very low arterial blood pressure, glomerular hydrostatic pressure | Drops & filtration decreases |
| Aldosterone from the adrenal cortex causes sodium ions to be | Conserved & potassium ions to be excreted |
| An increase in glomerular osmotic pressure ____ the rate of glomerular filtration | Decreases |
| Filtration rate in the glomerulus is increased by | Both vasodilation of the afferent arteriole & vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole |
| The juxtaglomerular apparatus regulates the filtration rate by | Renin-angiotensin 2 vasoconstricting both the afferent & efferent arterioles |
| A decrease in the glomerular capsule hydrostatic pressure will ____ the rate of glomerular filtration | Increase |
| If glucose is not reabsorbed in the tubular fluid ____ increases | The osmotic pressure |
| Secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) | Increases sodium excretion |
| The ________ is the layer that contains the structures that function to filter the blood, called _______. Most renal tubules are located in this layer. | Renal cortex Glomeruli |
| The _________ is the layer that contains the segment of renal tubules called nephron loops that function to produce a hypertonic medullary interstitial fluid. | Renal medulla |
| The _________ is the hollow portion of the kidney, filled with vessels, the renal calyces & renal pelvis. | Renal sinus |
| Water reabsorption from the proximal convoluted tubule is closely linked to the active reabsorption of ______. | Sodium ions |
| The _______ ______ acts as the counter current multiplier. | Nephron loop |
| The increase in osmolarity as filtrate moves down the descending limb is due to ______ moving out of the tubule. | Water |
| The decrease in osmolarity of the filtrate as it moves up the ascending limb due to _____ moving out of the tubule. | Solutes |
| The filtrate is _______ at the tip of the nephron loop & _____ at the end of the ascending limb. | Hypertonic Hypotonic |
| The concentration gradient found in the renal tubules is also found in the interstitial fluid of the ______. | Renal medulla |
| Renal secretion occurs as | Substances pass from the peritubular capillaries to the nephron tubules |
| Describe renal filtration | Fluid leaves the glomerulus & enters the bowman's (glomerular) capsule |
| Increases filtration | Increase in blood pressure Constriction of the efferent arteriole |
| Decreases filtration | An increase in capsular pressure An increase in plasma protein concentration An obstruction in the proximal tubule |
| Process occurring at the nephron | Filtration---> reabsorption---> secretion |
| Responsible for removing substances from blood, urine, & help regulate certain metabolic processes | Kidney |
| Transport of urine from the kidneys | Ureters |
| Collects urine from the ureters | Urinary bladder |
| *** transports urine out of the body | Urethra |
| Reddish brown bean shaped organ with a smooth surface | Kidney |
Created by:
Meganmommy15