Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 3(Nutrition)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What keeps your food from going down your trachea? | Epiglottis |
| What keeps your food from going back up from your stomach | Lower Esophageal Sphincter |
| How much food enters the small intestines from the stomach at one time | A teaspoon |
| How long is your small intestines | 10/11 feet long |
| What are the three parts of your small intestines | Illeum Jejunum Duodenum |
| Since the small intestines don't secrete mucus like the stomach, what is needed to protect it from acid | Mucus |
| What helps trap food on the inside of the small intestines | Villa |
| Can cell parts be re-used after they are broken down | Yes, constantly recycled |
| Approximately how much nutrients are left once food gets to the large intestines | 5% |
| What 2 bacterial strains are linked to health | Bifidobacteria & lactobacilli |
| What is a probiotic | Food containing bacteria that provides health benefits |
| Cells | |
| Membranes | |
| Organelles | |
| Phospholipids | |
| Cholesterol | |
| Protein | |
| Enzymes | |
| Cytoplasm | |
| Mitochondria | |
| Nucleus | |
| Chromosomes | |
| DNA | |
| RNA | |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | |
| Golgi complex | |
| Lysosomes | |
| Cells | Individual cells joined together for tissues or organs |
| Membranes | The cell wall which holds cellular contents together and regulates substances inside and outside the cell |
| Organelles | Compartments, particles, or filaments that perform specialized functions within a cell |
| Phospholipids | Any of a class of fat related substances that contain phosphorus, fatty acids, and a nitrogen-containing component. (Essential part of a cell) |
| Cholesterol | Fat soluble part of the cell membrane that provides stability/rigidity to the membrane |
| Protein | Structural support, transporters and functions as enzymes (impacting chemical processes) acts as a gate/receptor controlling what goes in and out(allows nutrients and water soluble substances) |
| Enzymes | Compound that speeds the rate of a chemical process but isn't altered by the process.(proteins) |
| Cytoplasm | Fluid and organelles (except nucleus) within the cell |
| Mitochondria | Organelles that are the main sites of energy production. Pathway for oxidizing fat for fuel. |
| Nucleus | Organelles bound by its own double membrane and containing chromosomes, genetic info. for cell protein synthesis and cell replication |
| Chromosomes | Single, large DNA molecule and its associated proteins(genes stored that contains genetic info) |
| DNA deoxyribosenucleic acid | Site of hereditary info (directs synthesis of cell proteins) |
| RNA Ribonucleic acid | Single stranded nucleic acid involved in the transcription of genetic info and translation of that info into protein synthesis |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | Organelles composed of a network of canals running through the cytoplasm. (Contains ribosomes) |
| Golgi complex | Cell organelle near the nucleus that processes newly synthesized protein for secretion or distribution to other organelles. |
| Lysosomes | Cellular organelle that contains digestive enzymes for use inside the cell turnover of cell parts |
| Peroxisomes | Cell organelle that destroys toxic products within the cell |
| Carbohydrates | Combine with protein or fat and send messages to cell organelles. Provide defense |
| Cellular metabolism | Chemical process Two types Begins in the cytoplasm (glucose is broken down- anaerobic, in mitochondria) Convert energy into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) |
| What are the two types of cellular metabolism | Anabolic: puts molecules together and needs energy Catabolic: takes molecules apart and releases energy |
| Digestive system major organs that provides usable nutrients | Stomach Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Small intestines Large intestines |
| How long does food typically stay in the stomach | 2-3 hrs |
| How long does it take food to get through the small intestines | 3-10 hrs |
| How long does it take food to get through your large intestines | 72 hrs |
| Average meal absorption | 2days! |
| The process to digestive food is faster in women than men? True/False | False Faster in men than in women |
| How long does it typically take to process food for and adult, female or male, and children? | Adult 53 hrs Woman 47 hrs Man 33 hrs Child 33 hrs |
| Why is smell so important in digestion | Smell stimulates GI tract to prep for food (gastric secretion) |
| Digestive secretions (7) | Saliva, mucus, enzymes, acid, bile, bicarbonate, horomones |
| Saliva | Acts as solvent (breaks down food for easier swallowing) |
| Mucus | Component of saliva protects GI tract cells |
| Enzyme | Breaks down food into usable form |
| Acid | Found in the stomach, destroys pathogens |
| Bile | Aids in fat digestion |
| Bicarbonate | Neutralizes stomach acids |
| Horomones | Help release and or produce acid, enzymes, bile, etc. |
| What keeps you from choking | Epiglottis. Closes over larynx so food goes down the esophagus |
| Chime | Watery food mixture in your stomach |
| Peristalsis | Muscular contraction used to propel food through digestive system. |
| Why is your small intestines called the small intestines? | Narrow/thin (1inch in diameter) |
| Rapid cell turnover | The replacement of old cells with newly generated ones. Cells don't last long in the stomach bc the acid |
| Villa | Fingerlike projections that continually move and trap food |
| What are the three parts of the small intestines | Duodenum (10inch) Jejunum (4ft) Ileum (last 5ft) |
| How many types of bacteria is known to be in your large intestines | 500 different species |
| Bad bacteria | Clostridia |
| Liver | Produce bile |
| Gallbladder | Stores the bile and eventually secretes it |
| Pancreas | Manufactures insulin and glucagon (regulates blood and glucose levels) produces pancreatic juices (counters stomach acid) |
| Organs that help aid in digestion (3) | Liver Gallbladder Pancreas |
| Nutrients storage for fat | Adipose tisse |
| Nutrients storage for carbohydrates | Short term- muscles and liver as glycogen Small amount in blood |
| Nutrient storage for amino acids | Small amount in blood |
| Nutrients storage for vitamins and minerals | Liver |
| Not enough vitamin A (Yang case study) | Increase for respiratory infection |
| Not enough vitamin D (Sadeghian case study) | Increased Crohn's disease |
| Too much calcium (Body and Moodambail case study) | Serve hypercalcemia Acute vomiting Weight loss Loss of appetite |
| How can vegetarians get their Omega 3 | Flax seed |
| How can you get your Omega 3 for a person with a regular diet | Seafood Flax seed/milk |
| True/False coffee is associated with long term health risks | False. <400mg caffeine (3 sm. Cups of coffee) |
| True/False. It is better to eat your protein throughout the day? | True. Easier to digest |
| What has more calories fast-food or sit down restaurants? | Sit down restaurants, may have lower quality food. More butters and sat. Fats to taste good. More food buffet getting what you paid for. |
| Caffeine consumption and telomere levels (Tucker case study) resulted in? | Caffeine intake increased, telomere length decreased Coffee (caf/decaf) increased, telomere length increased Benefits in coffee not caffeine |
| What is telomere | Nucleoprotein structures on the end of chromosomes presumed to be connected with deterioration in old age. Longer telomere longer life! |
| Regulates & carries blood throughout body. Regulate bloods pressure. (System?) | Cardiovascular system |
| Transports nutrients waste hormones oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body. (System?) | Cardiovascular system |
| Hepatic portal vein carries nutrients directly to the liver before going to the general blood stream (system?) | Cardiovascular system |
| Water soluble nutrients transfer to the circulatory system through capillary beds (system?) | Cardiovascular system |
| Once absorbed through stomach or intestines nutrients are Used to nourish organs Or transferred through the hepatic portal vein to the liver (system?) | Cardiovascular system |
| Comprised of lymphatic vessel and fluid. (System?) | Lymphatic system |
| One of my functions is to remove foreign substances from blood and lymph (system?) | Lymphatic system |
| I'm responsible for maintaining tissue fluid balance (system?) | Lymphatic system |
| My vessels in the small intestines aid in fat digestion and absorption (system?) | Lymphatic system |
| I remove waste products from blood to create urine (system?) | Urinary system |
| I maintain acid-base balance (PH) of blood | Urinary system |
| I convert a form of vitamin D into active form and stimulate red blood cell synthesis | Urinary system |
| What is urine | Water, dissolved waste products of metabolism and excess water soluble vitamins and minerals |
| I'm tied to a strong cardio system (consumption of sufficient fluid and maintenance of bp) function and system? | Kidney function - urinary system |
| Involved in bone health because they convert a form of Vitamin D into active form, organ? | Kidney |
| I direct sensations in your body and overall movement (system?) | Nervous system |
| I control physiological and intellectual function (system?) | Nervous system |
| Transmission of my signals occur through a change in concentration of sodium and potassium in the neuron. (System?) | Nervous system |
| Neurotransmitters, a compound made by nerve cells that allows for cells to communicate is often made from nutrients like amino acids (system?) | Nervous system |
| I need carbohydrates in the form of glucose as my primary fuel (system?) | Nervous system |
| What are some essential nutrients of the nervous system? | Calcium: release neurotransmitters from neurons Vitamin B-12:helps myelin sheath (insulation around neuron) Carbohydrates:(primary glucose) fuels brain |
| I regulate metabolism, growth, reproduction, and other functions by releasing hormones (system?) | Endocrine system |
| I regulate glucose (insulin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon, and growth hormone) metabolism | Endocrine system |
| Gaining of weight because metabolism is slowed down | Hypothyroidism |
| Decrease blood glucose Take in & store glucose, fat, & amino acids by cells | Insulin |
| Increase blood glucose Releases glucose from liver stores, releases fat from adipose tissue | Glucagon |
| Increases body metabolism & blood glucose Releases glucose & fat into body | Norepinephrine, epinephrine |
| Promotes amino acid uptake from cells, increase blood glucose Promotes protein synthesis &growth, increases use of fat for energy | Growth hormone |
| Increases oxygen consumption, growth, &brain development Protein synthesis, increase metabolism | Thyroid hormone |
| I provide defense against pathogens (system?) | Immune system |
| I form white blood cells (system) | Immune system |
| My cells turnover rapidly so I need a steady intake of nutrients including proteins, essential fatty acids, iron, copper, zinc, vitamin A,C,D and some B. | Immune system |
| The immune system is like??? | Denfense line |
| Produce antibodies (immunoglobulins) to target foreign proteins (antigens) | White blood cells |
| I alter food and beverages you consume so your body can use the nutrients (system) | Digestive system |
| I break down food both mechanically and chemically (system) | Mechanically-chewing Chemically-acids and enzymes Digestive system |
| The digestive system is made up of...(8) | Mouth Esophagus Stomach Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Small/large intestines Rectum |
| Pain in upper chest caused by acid from stomach into esophagus (digestive problem/fix) | Heartburn/acid reflux Don't smoke, avoid NSAID, maintain healthy body weight, eat small/low fat meals, limit alcohol and caffeine, avoid acidic & spicy foods, and carbonated drinks |
| Caused by erosion of esophagus, stomach, or small intestines (digestive problem/fix) | Ulcers Don't smoke, minimize NSAID, avoid foods that aggravate symptoms |
| Ignoring urge to poop, calcium or iron supplements & meds can cause it (digestive problem/fix) | Constipation Eat fiber, occasionally use laxatives |
| Swollen veins in rectum & any. Triggers= obesity, pregnancy, sitting, and straining during bm (digestive problem/fix) | Hemorrhoids Eat more fiber and take in more fluids |
| Cholesterol forms crystal like particles in gallbladder (digestive problem/fix) | Gallstones Avoid excessive weight or rapid weight loss, limit animal protein, eat high fiber diet, avoid caffeine & alcohol |
| Genetic predisposition leads to inflammatory reaction to gluten. Autoimmune response/not food allergy (symptoms=diarrhea, bloat, cramps, and gas) (digestive problem/fix) | Celiac disease Gluten free diet |
| Leads to GI symptoms, fatigue, headache, muscle & joint pain, sleep d/o (digestive problem/fix) | Gluten sensitivity Not clear cause, so change of diet |
| What does NSAIDs mean? | Non-sterodial anti-inflammatory drugs |
| The stomach is protected from digesting itself by producing? A) bicarbonate B) a thick layer of mucus C) hydroxyl ions to neutralize acids D) antipepsin that destroys enzymes | B) a thick layer of mucus |
| The lower esophageal sphincter is located between the... A) stomach and esophagus B) stomach and duodenum C) ileum and the cecum D) colon and the anus | A) the stomach and the esophagus |
| A muscular contraction that propels food down the GI tract is called.. A) sphincter B) enterohepatic circulation C) gravitational pull D) peristalsis | D) peristalsis |
| Bicarbonate ions (HCO3) from the pancreas.. A) neutralize acids in the stomach B) are synthesized in the pyloric sphincter C) neutralize bile in the duodenum D) neutralize acids in the duodenum | D) neutralize acids in the duodenum |
| What is the pyloric sphincter | Valve located at the base of the stomach that controls the rate in which chime is released into the small intestines |
| Most digestive processes occur in the? A) mouth B) stomach C) small intestines D) large intestines | C) small intestines |
| Bile is formed in the _______ and stored in the _____. A) stomach, pancreas B) duodenum, kidney C) liver, gallbladder D) gallbladder, liver | C) liver, gallbladder |
| Much of digestion that occurs in the large intestines is caused by? A) lipase B) pepsin C) saliva D) bacteria | D) bacteria |
| Treatment of ulcers may include... A) H2 blockers B) proton pump inhibitors C) antibiotics D) all of the above | D) all of the above |
| The study of how food impacts health through interaction with genes is.. A) nutrigenomics B) epidemiology C) immunology D) nutrigenetics | A) nutrigenomics |
| Energy production that takes place in the cytoplasm is anaerobic metabolism because it does not require.... A) water B) oxygen C) anabolic steroids D) anaerobic bacteria | B) oxygen |
Created by:
Capty103
Popular Miscellaneous sets