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Fractures in Ch 15
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Dislocation | Aka luxation. Bone displaced from a joint |
| Subluxation | Partial dislocation. Examples: nursemaids elbow (jerked elbow) which is partial dislocation of a child's radial head |
| Sprain | Wrenching/twisting of a joint resulting in tearing of ligaments |
| Contusion | Bruising |
| Fracture | Break |
| Apposition | Describes the manner that fragmented ends of the bone make contact with each other. 3 types |
| Anatomic apposition | End to end contact |
| Lack of apposition | Aka distraction. Fragments aligned but pulled apart |
| Bayonet apposition | Fragments overlap and shafts make contact |
| Angulation | Type or direction of the loss of alignment of a fracture. Apex/distal fragment as reference |
| Apex angulation | Medial or lateral (think backwards) |
| Varus deformity | Distal fragment towards midline (lateral apex) |
| Valgus deformity | Distal fragment away from midline (medial apex) |
| Simple fx | Doesn't break through skin |
| Compound fx | Protrudes through skin |
| Incomplete (partial) fx | Doesn't travel through entire bone |
| Torus fx | Buckle/wrinkle of cortex. Often found in wrist |
| Greenstick fx | Aka hickory or willow. Fx on one side only. Bulging/wrinkle on opposite side |
| Complete fx | Break into 2 pieces |
| Transverse fx | Near a right angle break |
| Oblique fx | Fx at oblique angle |
| Spiral fx | Break spirals around long axis of bone |
| Comminuted fx | Splintered or caused into 2+ fragments |
| Segmental fx | Double fx. Bone into 3 pieces |
| Butterfly fx | Two fragments on each side of a wedge shaped fragment |
| Splintered fx | Splintered into sharp fragments |
| Impacted fx | One fragment is driven into another. Examples are distal or proximal ends of long bones driven into their heads |
| Barton's fx | Posterior lip of distal radius |
| Baseball (mallet) fx | Distal phalanx. Finger jammed by ball |
| Bennetts fx | Base of 1st metacarpal |
| Boxers fx | Distal 5th metacarpal |
| Colles' fx | Distal radius displaced posteriorly. From FOOSH |
| Smith's fx | Distal radius displaced anteriorly. From back fall on outstretched hand |
| Potts fx | Complete fx of distal fibula. Frequent fx of tibia also |
| Avulsion fx | Stress of a tendon or ligament that pulls a fragment of bone away |
| Blowout/tripod fx | Blow to the orbit |
| Chip fx | Isolated bone fragment not from a tendon or ligament |
| Compression fx | Anterior vertebral body collapse |
| Depressed fx | Aka ping pong. Fx of skull. Indentation can be elevated again |
| Epiphyseal fx | Through growth plate. Salter Harris classification 1-5 |
| Pathologic fx | Diseased bone |
| Stellate fx | Radiates from a central point into a star pattern. Example: patella |
| Stress or fatigue fx |
Created by:
Jaden11
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