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Unit 5 6th Grade
Properties of Energy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| energy | the ability to cause change |
| kinetic energy | energy in motion |
| potential energy | the energy stored in an object or a material |
| law of conservation of energy | a physical law that states that energy may change form but it cannot be created or destroyed |
| wave | a disturbance that transfers energy from one point to another |
| wavelength | the distance between two waves' crests or two waves' troughs |
| amplitude | the height of a wave from its trough or crest to its midpoint |
| frequency | a measure of how many wave crests or troughs pass a given point in one unit of time |
| sound wave | a compressional wave produced by vibrations in matter |
| transparent | allowing light to pass through with almost no distortion |
| translucent | allowing some light to travel through and blocking some light or bouncing it in different directions |
| opaque | not allowing light to pass through |
| refraction | the change in direction of a wave because of a change in the medium it is traveling through |
| electromagnetic wave | a wave that can travel through matter or space |
| radio waves | the lowest-frequency electromagnetic waves that have wavelengths greater than about 0.3 m and are used in most forms of communication technology - such as TVs, telephones, and radios |
| infrared wave | electromagnetic waves with wavelengths between 1 mm and 0.7 millionths of a meter |
| ultraviolet radiation | electromagnetic waves with wavelengths between about 0.4 millionths of a meter and 10 billionths of a meter; has frequencies and wavelengths between visible light and X-rays |
| gamma rays | the highest-energy electromagnetic waves with the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies |
| heat | the flow of thermal energy from warmer to cooler objects |
| conduction | the movement of energy, such as heat and electricity, through direct contact |
| convection | the transfer of energy by the flow of a liquid or a gas |
| radiation | the transfer of thermal energy through electromagnetic rays |
| specific heat | the amount of heat energy, usually measured in joules, needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree C |
| electricity | a flow of electrons, or that particles have negative electrical charges |
| static electricity | the buildup of an electric charge, either positive or negative, on a material's surface |
| current electricity | the flow of electrons moving through a circuit |
| generator | a device that converts mechanical energy - supplied by a hand crank, a turbine, or a motor - into electricity |
| chemical potential energy | the energy stored in a material as a result of chemical bonds |
| elastic potential energy | the energy stored in something that can stretch or compress |
| gravitational potential energy | the energy stored in objects due to their position above Earth's surface |
| reflection | the bouncing of a wave off an object, changing its direction of travel |
| law of reflection | a physical law that states that the angle between an incoming light ray and a surface is equal to the angle between the reflected light ray and the same surface |
| visible light | a mixture of wavelengths that the human eye can detect |
| X-rays | high-energy electromagnetic waves that can be used for medical diagnosis |
| resistor | a material through which electricity has difficulty flowing |
| series circuit | a circuit with only one path along which current electricity can flow |
| parallel circuit | a circuit with multiple paths along which current electricity can flow |
Created by:
SSmith01
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