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Chapter 3: Intro to
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Heritability | Responsible for both looks and behavior |
| CNS | Central Nervous System Brain and spinal cord) |
| ANS | Controls automatic functions of the body (glands and muscles) 2 categories (Sympathetic and Parasympathetic) |
| Sympathetic nervous system | Fight or flight response Automatically accelerates heart rate, breathing, dilates pupils, and slows digestion |
| Parasympathetic nervous system | Clams body and conserves energy |
| Neurons | Basic working unit of the brain, a specialized cell designed to transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells |
| Neurotransmitters | Chemical messengers released by terminal buttons through the synapse |
| Axon | Passes messages away from cell body to other nerves |
| Dendrites | Receives messages from other cells |
| Synapse | Space between two nerve cells |
| Cerebellum | Involved in motor coordination |
| Cerebral Cortex | Governs higher brain functions (Thinking, learning, and your conscience) |
| Cerebrum | Protects the brain |
| Corpus Callosum | Provides a channel for communication between the hemispheres |
| Forebrain | Cognitive, sensory and motor functions, regulates temperature, and reproductive functions |
| Frontal Lobe | Controls motor functions, problem solving, memory, language, and judgement |
| Hindbrain | Regulates breathing, heart rate, arousal, and other basic functions for survival |
| Hypothalamus | Governs eating, drinking, arousal. Plays a role in emotions and stress. |
| Limbic System | Emotion and motivation |
| Medulla | Governs breathing and reflexes |
| Midbrain | Controls eye muscles, auditory and visual information, and voluntary movement |
| Occipital Lobe | Visual processing center of the brain |
| Parietal Lobe | Sensation and perception of touch |
| Pons | Sleep and arousal |
| Primary motor cortex | Motor function |
| Thalamus | Relays information between lower and higher brain centers |
| Temporal Lobe | Processes sensory and auditory input |
| Twin studies | Looks at two identical twins that grew up in different environments How the environment affected them |
| Neural transmission | Dendrites receive electrical stimulation from other neurons that are then sent to the cell body or stoma. The Axon transmits nerve signals away from the soma to other neurons. Most neurons have only one axon. |
| EEG | Records the electrical activity of the brain Patients get electrode placed on their scalp (Does activities) Shows when brain activity occurs but not where |
| MRI | Magnetic fields are used to produce detailed images of structures Patient lies still on a bed or platform Good for looking at structures (Abnormalities and injuries) |
| fMRI | Produces detailed imaging of activity in the brain Track blood and oxygen in the brain Used to see what parts of the brain are using the most oxygen Patients preform tasks |
| PET | Measures blood flow to areas of the brain Patients gets injected with radioactive oxygen and preforms tasks Oxygen is taken up by the brain and creates images |
| Endocrine System | Glands secrete chemicals called hormones Hormones travel through the body and regulate body functions Works in conjunction with the nervous system and the brain |
| Hypothalamus | Controls pituitary gland (Controls the release of hormones) |
| Thyroid | Controls metabolism |
| Adrenal gland | Releases hormones in response to stress and emotions Regulates heart rate, blood pressure and blood sugar |
Created by:
kristaj
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