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105 Imaging physics
Imaging physics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| radiologic physics | physics that pertain to the origin, nature, and behavior of x-rays and related types of radiation |
| science | organized and classified knowledge |
| unit | a quantity adopted as a standard of measurement by which other quantities of the same kind can be measured |
| standard units | the basic units in any particular system of measurement: they are used mathematically to describe natural phenomena, derive laws, and predict future events within the realm of nature. |
| fundamental units | length, mass, time |
| length | unit of length in metric is meter |
| mass | quantity of matter in a body of inertia. |
| time | the measure of the duration of events |
| area | the measure of a given surface, depends length. |
| temperature | a measure of the average energy of motion of the molecules of matter. |
| velocity | speed in a given direction |
| MKS system | metric system that is used internationally |
| specific gravity | ration of the density of any material to the density of water |
| SI units | International System which provides for interconversion of units among all branches of science |
| physics | deals with matter and energy and their relation to each other |
| density | mass per unit volume of a substance |
| work | when a force acts upon a body over a distance |
| energy | the actual or potential ability to do work |
| atom | smallest particle of an element that has the characteristic properties of that element |
| matter | anything which occupies space and has inertia |
| electron | carry a negative charge move around the nucleus in an orbit |
| proton | positive particle in nucleus |
| atomic mass | (z) number of protons or positive charges in the nucleus in of an atom denotes the atomic number |
| element | simple substance, cant be decomposed to simpler substances by ordinary means |
| law of conservation of energy | energy can be neither created nor destroyed, the total amount of energy in the universe is constant |
| potential energy | a body may have energy because of its position or its temporarily deformed state. |
| kinetic energy | every moving body can do work because of its motion. |
| molecule | smallest subdivision of a substance having the characteristic properties of that substance |
| substances | any material that has a definite, constant composition |
| neutron | elementary neutral particles having virtually the same mass as the proton |
| energy level | electrons whose orbits are at a particular distance from the nucleus are grouped together and designated as belonging to a particular shell. |
| nucleus | (a) contains most of the mass and denotes its mass number or atomic number. |
| ions | atom or a group of atoms that has an electric charge |
| compound | complex substances formed by a chemical union |
| ionization | produced through addition or removal of orbital electrons |
| isotopes | atoms of the same element having different mass numbers |
| electrification | process of removing or adding electrons |
| friction | removal of e- from one object by rubbing it with another of a different kind |
| electrostatics | the branch of physics that deals with stationary or electric charges |
| ground | connected to wet earth by a conductor |
| induction | when a charged body is brought near an uncharged body |
| contact | when a body charged by friction touches an uncharged object |
| electric circuit | the path over which the current flows |
| potential difference | difference in electrical potential energy between two points in an electric circuit |
| emf | (electromotive force) the maximum difference of potential between the terminals of a battery |
| volts | potential difference which maintain a current of ampere in a circuit whose resistance in one ohm |
| voltmeter | measures in colts the potential difference between any two points in a circuit. |
| ammeter | measures in amperes the quantity of electric charge flowing per second. |
| series circuit | an electric circuit whose conponent parts are arranged end to end so that current passes consecutively through each part. |
| parallel circuit | wherin the component parts are connected as branches of the main circuit so that the current is divided among them |
| direct current | current of constant strength flowing always in the same direction |
| current | electrical impulse. the amount of electric charge flowing per second |
| capacitor | charged body stores electrical energy if it is insulated to prevent the charge from leaking away. |
| resistance | property of the circuit which or hinders the flow of an electric current |
| conductor | under certain conditions , electric charges can be made to drift through a suitable material ( metals) |
| insulator | offer tremendous resistance to the flow of electricity ( glass, plastic, rubber) |
| magnetism | the ability of certain materials to attract iron , cobalt or nickel |
| magnetic field | a zone of influence |
| magnetic flux | the more closely spaced lines the stronger will be the field. |
| magnetic induction | when a piece of nonmagnetized iron is brought near one pole of a magnet, the end of the pole nearest the iron asumes the opposite polarity |
| magnetic permeability | the ease with which a given material can be magnetized |
| ferromagnetic material | magnetic material, includes iron cobalt and nickel |
| paramagnetic materials | freebly attracted by a magnet. extremeley low magnetic permeability. ex. platinum |
| nonmagnetic materials | not attracted by a magnet because they are not suscepticle to magnetic incduction . ex. wood, glass, and plastic |
| diamagnetic materials | repelled by a magnet. ex beryllium and bismuth |
Created by:
nemracf13
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