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Science Chapter 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Crust | solid rock that makes up the Moon's and Earth's outermost layers |
| Earthquake | a sudden shaking of the rock that makes up Earth's crust |
| seismograph | a tool that graphs seismic wages as wavy lines and helps scientists detect earthquakes |
| weathering | a process that breaks rocks into smaller pieces |
| erosion | the removing of weathered rock |
| hurricane | a violent, swirling storm with strong winds and heavy rains |
| mantle | layer of rock below the crust |
| outer core | liquid layer below the mantle |
| inner core | sphere of solid material at Earth's center |
| fault | a crack in the crust along which movement takes place |
| plateau | a high, flat landform |
| fold | a bend in the rock layers where plates meet |
| mountain | a tall landform caused by a fold in the crust |
| seismic wave | vibrations cause by earthquakes |
| volcano | a mountain that builds up around an opening in Earth's crust |
| deposition | the dropping off of weathered rock |
| terminus | the downhill end of a glacier |
| moraine | mounts formed by materials picked up by glaciers |
| flood | an overflow of water onto land that is normally dry |
| tornado | columns of spinning wind that move across the ground in a narrow path |
| landslide | the sudden downhill movement of rocks and soil |
| avalanche | the sudden downhill rush of ice and snow |
| delta | an area where a river empties into an ocean, where it drops off bits of sand and soil |
| drainage basin | the area of land drained by flowing water |
| continental shelf | the land connecting shore to sea |
| continental slope | beyond the continental shelf where the land is steeper and slopes down toward the ocean floor |
| continental rise | the base of the continental slope that connects the continent and the ocean floor |
| ocean ridges | long mountain ranges that stretch through the middle of some oceans |
| physical weathering | a type of weathering that changes the size and shape of rocks without changing their chemical makeup |
| chemical weathering | a type of weathering that changes the minerals that make up rocks |
| glacial debris | the rocks leftover when glaciers melt |
| glacial till | a mix of gravel, small rocks, sand and clay that is left by a glacier |
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